British troops from the Northumberland Hussars, 7th Division, Bridoux-Rouge Banc Sector and German soldiers and medical personnelmeeting in No-Mans's Land during the Christmas truce, 25th December 1914. Colorized photo: Cassowary Colorizations. (CC BY 2.0) Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Under Første Verdenskrigs første jul blev der især på Vestfronten etableret “julefred” mellem de kæmpende skyttegrave, i form af våbenhvile, fraternisering, fællessang og endog forsøg på fodboldkampe.
During the Christmas days of the first World War’s first winter, there were widespread incidents mostly on the Western Front of truce, fraternization and even attempts to organize football matches.
Julefreden på Vestfronten. Af Claus Bryld (Jyllands-Posten, 28. december 2014). “Den store julefred med forbrødringen mellem fjender i ingenmandsland var enestående, men fik aldrig lov at gentage sig.”
Julefred under krig hører fortiden til (Ny Viden/Syddansk Universitet, nr.10, december 2015/januar 2016, s.16-18). Interview med Niels Arne Sørensen: “Den spontane julefred der opstod blandt soldaterne i Vestfrontens skyttegrave under 1. Verdenskrig – i 1914 og 15 – ville være en umulighed i dag.”
Demystifying the Christmas Truce: The various impacts of a short peace on the minds of soldiers. By Thomas Löwer (The Heritage of the Great War) + Bibliography.
The 100th anniversary of the World War I Christmas truce. By Julie Hyland (World Socialist Web Site, 24 December 2014). “December 24 marks the 100th anniversary of one of the most poignant moments of the First World War, the Christmas Truce, (Weihnachtsfrieden in Germany, Trêve de Noël in France).”
Reabsorbing solidarity. By Paul Demarty (Weekly Worker, Issue 1039, 18 December 2014). “The 1914 Christmas truce has been thoroughly sanitised by the establishment.”
‘All Together Now’: how should we remember the 1914 Christmas truces? (Counterfire, December 17, 2014). “Britain seems to have gone truce-mad. But this extraordinary moment in World War One is interpreted in very different ways. Nick Megoran explains why it matters.”
When soldiers declared peace on earth (SocialistWorker.org, December 18, 2014). “Roy Fanning tells the remarkable story of hope amid the horror of the First World War: the Christmas Truce of 1914.”
Soldiers revolt at Christmas (Socialist Review, Issue 397, December 2014). “The 1914 Christmas truce has been sanitised and commercialised. But as Chris Fuller explains, the generals were terrified of where it could lead, and resolved to crush any similar fraternisation.”
The soldiers’ truce. By Phil Shannon (Green Left Weekly, Issue 480, 13 February 2002). Review of Stanley Weintraub’s Silent Night: The Story of the World War I Christmas Truce (The Free Press, 2001). “Stanley Weintraub’s haunting book on the ‘Christmas Truce’ recounts through the letters of the soldiers the extraordinary event …”
Special features: Lyrics to ‘Christmas in the Trenches’. By John McCutcheon (Worldwar1.com). “Originally incorporated as part of the 1996 Christmas theme on the main page, John’s lyrics from this 1984 song capture the spirit of that Christmas so many years ago.” With links to Vintage Victrola Christmas Recordings (download streamed) + short article about the 1914 Christmas truce.
The slogan of civil war illustrated (1915). By V.I. Lenin (Marxists Internet Archive). “Thus, fraternisation and attempts to enter into friendly relations with the enemy are a fact.”
Litteratur:
Michael Jürgs: Den lille Fred i Den Store Krig: De meniges julevåbenhvile på vestfronten under Første Verdenskrig (Borgen, 2004, 336 sider). “Bogen beskriver våbenhvilen med utallige øjenvidneudsagn, samtidskommentarer og billeder.” Se Jørgen V. Larsens anmeldelse af tyske udgave: Glædelig jul ved Vestfronten (Politiken.dk, 23. december 2015)
Der Weihnachtsfriede von 1914. “British and German soldiers fraternising at Ploegsteert, Belgium, on Christmas Day 1914, Front of 11th Brigade, 4th Division. Possibly Riflemen Andrew (middle) and Grigg (second from the right, background) of the London Rifle Brigade with troops of the 104th and 106th Saxon Regiments..” Photo: Robin’s Sackhaare. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Film: Joyeux Noël / En dag uden krig (2005)
A depiction of the 1914 Christmas truce published on the front page of the Illustrated London News on 9 January 1915. The original caption was “The light of Peace in the trenches on Christmas Eve: A German soldier opens the spontaneous truce by approaching the British lines with a small Christmas tree.” Date: 9 January 1915. Author: Frederic Villiers (1851–1922), British war artist and war correspondent. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Om 1. juledag 1914, soldaternes jule-våbenhvile i Vestfrontens skyttegrave.
Improvised soccer match between British and German soldiers in the “Nobody’s land” during Christmas 1914. Photo: Unknown. (CC BY-SA 4.0). Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Nedenfor er omtaler af filmen Joyeux Noël (Dansk: En dag uden krig) om julevåbenstilstanden på Vestfronten 1914:
Joyeux Noël (IMDb, Internet Movie Database). In English: Plot outline, users comments, ratings, cast etc.
The Christmas Truce of 1914 – Remembered in 2005: The staging of European similarities in the movie Merry Christmas – Joyeux Noël. By Maja Bächler (Remembrance and Solidarity: Studies in 20th Century European History, No.2, March 2014, p.77-90).
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