Mexico City - Palacio Nacional. Mural by Diego Rivera showing the History of Mexico: Detail showing Karl Marx. Photo: Taken 09.04.2008 by Wolfgang Sauber. (CC BY-SA 3.0).
Mexico City - Palacio Nacional. Mural by Diego Rivera showing the History of Mexico: Detail showing Karl Marx. Photo: Taken 09.04.2008 by Wolfgang Sauber. (CC BY-SA 3.0). Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Karl Marx blev født den 5. maj 1818. 200-året for Karl Marx’ fødsel markeres her med en række 2018-artikler om Marx’ politik, økonomikritik og værker. Linkboxen vil blive løbende opdateret. / Updated collections of links with 2018-19 articles about Marx’ politics, political economy and works.

Bjarne A. Frandsen, maj 2018-


Indhold/Contents:

Video fra TeleSUR (Youtube.com, 1:52 min.)

 

På dansk mv.:

Arbejderen.dk

Tema: Karl Marx 200 år

Marxismens filosofi og revolutionær humanisme. Af Jan Mathisen (14. september 2018). “Ingen politisk kraft kan udvikle en revolutionær strategi og taktik uden at anerkende og basere sit verdenssyn på den dialektiske og historiske materialisme …” Med links og debat.

Marxisme og kvindekamp. Af Lotte Rørtoft-Madsen (18. juni 2018). Om bl.a. kvindeundertrykkelsens oprindelse, feminismens hovedstrømninger, den revolutionære linjes eftersløb, arbejderkvinderne i centrum.

Arbejderbevægelsen i Danmark og marxismen: 1885-1920. Af Gerd Callesen (4. maj 2018, s.2-3). “Den første store indsats for med oversættelser at fremme forståelsen af marxismen i den danske arbejderbevægelse blev gjort først i 1880’erne.”

Træk af en ung Karl Marx: Begyndelsen til et kritisk program. Af Magnus Møller Ziegler (4. maj 2018, s.1 + 4). “Det kritiske program, som var Karl Marx’ bidrag til både tænkningen og den revolutionære bevægelse, tog sit udgangspunkt i det filosofiske miljø, der dominerede i Tyskland i 1840’erne.”

Marx er stadig relevant. Af Anders Sørensen (1. maj 2018). “Marx gav os redskaberne til at ændre verden radikalt. Derfor er den tyske filosofs arbejde stadig relevant i 2018 og uundværligt for alle revolutionære.”

Karl Marx og verdenskrisen i 1857. Af Gerd Callesen (25. februar 2018). “I MEGA-serien udkom sidste år bind 14 i IV. afdeling, som omhandler perioden november 1857 til februar 1858 med speciel fokus på den økonomiske verdenskrise.”

Atlas

Karl Marx 200 år. Af Kristoffer Bayer (5. maj 2018). “I dag bliver Karl Marx 200 år. Interessen for den tyske tænker er ikke blevet mindre siden finanskrisen i 2008. Vi bringer et fødselsdagportræt.”

DRP1

Supertanker, ved Casper Ortman (30. april 2018). “Efter at have været dømt ude i ca. 3 årtier er Marx stærkt på vej tilbage på den politiske og aktivistiske scene.” Medvirkende: Søren Mau og Jette Gottlieb.

Information

Karl Marx nåede aldrig selv at opleve sin status som politisk orakel. Af Jørgen Steen Nielsen (20. september 2018). “Marx var en stridbar herre, der levede et fortumlet liv i revolutionens tjeneste.”

Kritisk Debat

Karl Marx, 200 år. Af Kjeld Schmidt (15. juni 2018, online på Internet Archive). “Hvad kan denne skikkelse fra det 19. århundrede sige os i dag, her i begyndelsen af det 21. århundrede? … Lad os forsøge at gøre boet op.”

Ny Viden

Er Karl Marx værd at gemme på? (pdf) (Syddansk Universitet, marts 2018, s.28-31). “Det har vi spurgt tre forskere om. En erfaren og to unge [Villy Søgaard, Søren Mau og Dominique Routhier].” Scroll ned.

Revolution

Karl Marx 200 år. Af Alan Woods (4. maj 2018). “Denne tekst er det oversatte forord til en ny bog fra det britiske forlag Wellred Books The Ideas of Karl Marx.”

Rød+Grøn

For 200 år siden kom Karl til Verden. Af Reinout Bosch (nr.100, april 2018, s.26-27). “Karl Marx blev et af de få mennesker, hvis ideer ændrede verden grundlæggende og hvis skæg var så karakteristisk, at det det kan genkendes i selv den dårligste stencil.”

Slagmark

Tema: Karl Marx (nr.77, forår 2018). “Med dette nummer vil vi demonstrere det aftryk, den stigende interesse for Marx har sat i forskningen – også i en dansk sammenhæng.” Med indholdsfortegnelse online + redaktionelt forord af Tobias Dias & Magnus Møller Ziegler.

 

In English:

What is Marx200? (site). The web-project marx200.org is a Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung and Helle Panke project (the Berlin branch of the foundation). (In English & auf Deutsch). Blog – Debate – Media library – Words – Following Marx – Dates – Links.

Against the Current

Marx for today: A socialist-feminist reading. By Johanna Brenner (Issue 199, March-April 2019). “Concidering his work as a whole, Marx had little to say directly about women’s oppression or the relationship between patriarchy and capitalism. And some of what he had to say was, well, misguided. Yet Marxist feminists have drawn on his thought to create a distinctive approach to understanding these issues.”

Women’s oppression and liberation. By Soma Marik (Issue 199, March-April 2019). “Does Karl Marx have any relevance for today’s struggles for women’s liberation? Do his theories of society and revolutionary transformation present us with tools that in any way continue to be useful?”

“Karl Marx at 200” (Issue 197, November-December 2018). Theme with articles by David McNally: Karl Marx: Revolutionary heretic, Vishwas Satgar: Marx and the “International”, Hillel Ticktin: Karl Marx in the 21st Century and Ingo Schmidt: Marx’s Capital as organizing tool.

“Karl Marx at 200” (Issue 196, September-October 2018). Theme with articles by Juliet Ucelli: Janus and my ode to Capital, Cecilia A. Green: Historical subjects lost and found and Peter Solenberger: Marx, Engels and the National Question.

“Karl Marx at 200” (Issue 195, July-August 2018). Theme with articles by Tony Smith: Marx, our contemporary, David Roediger: Gender, race and Marx’s whiskers, Abbie Bakan: Exploitation, alienation and oppression, Mark A. Lause: Marx and organization and Prasenjit Bose: India’s freedom struggle influenced by Marxism.

Marx at 200; Capital at 150. By Nancy Holmstrom (Issue 194, Maj-June 2018). “Karl Marx is having a comeback … That this is happening 150 years after the publication of Das Capital, Marx’s magnum opus, shows the importance of understanding his work. Rather than being outdated, it is even more relevant today than when it was published.”

Marx’s Ecology: recovered legacy. By Michael Löwy (Issue 194, May-June 2018). “While mainstream ecological theory has been dismissive of Karl Marx, serious research in recent decades has recovered some of his very important insights on ecological issues.”

“Ruthless Criticism of All That Exists”. By Paul Kellogg (Issue 194, May-June 2018). “How does one pick up the threads of freedom and self-activity, and separate them from the dross of crimes committed in Marx’s name?”

Counterfire

Karl Marx and the Paris Commune. By Katherine Connelly (March 17, 2021). “Marx’s analysis of the Paris Commune is a brilliant example of the interaction between revolutionary theory and practice.”

Karl Marx: before all else a revolutionist (June 1, 2018). “200 years since Marx’s birth and 170 years after the 1848 revolutions, Katherine Connelly reflects on Marx’s revolutionary contribution.”

Marx200: the Paris Commune and the Marx family. By Judy Cox (May 28, 2018). “The Paris Commune only lasted from 28 March to 28 May 1871 but it inspired Karl Marx and continues to inspire and inform socialists today.”

Was Marx an economist? What was his contribution to economics? (May 9, 2018). “In her speech at ‘Why Marx Was Right’, Susan Newman argues that Marx’s analysis of capitalism goes against everything modern economics stands for.”

Don’t say I didn’t warn you. Marx on his 200th birthday (April 30, 2018). “On 5 May, leading Marxists are getting together to celebrate Marx’s 200th birthday. Chris Nineham argues why the event matters so much.”

Ecologist

The emergence of an ecological Karl Marx: 1818-2018. By Gareth Dale (5 May 2018). “Here, Gareth Dale, an editor of the book Green Growth, examines Marx’s own claims about nature and society – and our original interpretation of them.”

The Guardian

Marx predicted our present crisis – and points the way out. By Yanis Varoufakis (20 April 2018). “The Communist Manifesto foresaw the predatory and polarised global capitalism of the 21st century. But Marx and Engels also showed us that we have the power to create a better world.” Introduction to a new pocket edition of The Communist Manifesto (Vintage, 2018).

Historical Materialism

Did Marx defend black slavery?: On Jamaica and labour in a black skin. By Gregory Slack (Vol.31, No.2-3, 2023; online at Internet Archive). “Over the past 40 years a tradition of Marx interpretation has built up around a single passage concerning black slavery in an 1853 letter from Marx to Engels, in order to demonstrate that Marx’s support for emancipation was conditional on the level of ‘civilization’ attained by black slaves. I will argue that this interpretation, which attempts to prove Marx’s racist defense of slavery, is overdetermined by an inattention to historical context and a hypersensitivity to Marx’s nineteenth-century epithets.”

Socialism and Colonialism. By Gilbert Achcar (Blog, 13 June 2023). “For all that, despite their new hypercritical take on colonialism, one cannot expect to find in Marx and Engels, a fully developed theory of the emancipation of colonised peoples.”

In Defence of Marxism

Karl Marx: the man, thinker and revolutionary. By Alan Woods (4 May 2018). Introduction to the book, The Ideas of Karl Marx: Marx at 200 (Wellred, 2018, 244 p.): “This short book, released for the two hundredth birthday of Marx, contains a series of articles on the man, his life, and his ideas.”

Independent

Karl Marx at 200: Ten left-wing writers who followed in the footsteps of a giant. By Joe Sommerlad (5 May 2018). “As the revered political thinker marks his bicentenary, we look back at a selection of authors who addressed socialist causes and ideas in their fiction.”

International Socialism

How Marx and Engels fought for women’s liberation. By Judy Cox (Issue 166, Spring 2020). “… there is an enormous edifice of misrepresentation of Marx’s and Engels’s views on women … This article is a step towards redressing that balance.”

Marx and race: a Eurocentric analysis? By Ken Olende (Issue 162, Spring 2019, p.119-138). “In this article I aim to show by looking at the development of Marx’s ideas why none of these assertions is accurate. And, further, that to understand how to challenge racism and imperialism today, activists should build on his insights.”

Marx’s politics. By Alex Callinicos (Issue 158, Spring 2018, p.35-63). “My interest here, however, is the dominant view of Marx that this renewal creates—Marx the critic of capitalism and the author of Capital. I would be the last to deny the centrality of this achievement, but what tends to get lost here is Marx the revolutionary and the political activist.”

Was Marx wrong about the working class? Reconsidering the gravedigger thesis. By Matt Vidal (Issue 158, Spring 2018, p.65-80). “What Marx argued more systematically is that the concentration and ­centralisation of capital would increase, centralisation via giant oligopolies would place hundreds of thousands of workers into similar working conditions, and class struggle and periodic crises would be ongoing. These predictions have been validated by history.”

International Socialism Project

Is Marxism Eurocentric? Part 1 + Part 2. By Lance Selfa (International Socialism Project, May 6-8, 2021). “Part One considers Marx’s writings on colonialism and the development of capitalism. Part Two picks up where Marx left off, especially among his successors in the Communist International after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.”

International Socialist Review

How Marx became a Marxist. By Anthony Arnove (Issue 109, Summer 2018, p.82-91). “Marx consistently rejected any politics based on hero worship and the subjugation of any movement to a savior or god—and he rejected that role for himself, as well.”

Marx’s materialist conception
of history revisited. By Phil Gasper (Issue 109, Summer 2018, p.92-102). “… if you examine Marx’s practice as a historian, then I think it pretty soon becomes clear that he does not subscribe to any one simple model.”

Marx and nature: Why we need Marx now more than ever. By Elizabeth Terzakis (Issue 109, Summer 2018, p.103-123). “The bottom line is that Marx offers an explanation of and a solution to ecological crisis: capitalism prefigures ecological doom and must be abolished.”

Irish Marxist Review

Marx special edition: Celebrating 200 years since his death (Vol.7, No.20, 2018). “Marx on: The Working Class, Alienation, Exploitation, Capital, Class Struggle, History, Ideology and Religion, Ireland, Revolution.”

Jacobin: Reason in Revolt

Revisiting Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire (April 9, 2024). Daniel Denvir interviews Dylan Riley:
“Karl Marx analyzes revolution and reaction in mid-19th-century France to blistering effect. His appraisals offer enduring lessons on revolution, class dynamics, and the perpetual tussle with the bonds of history.”

Karl Marx supported Arab liberation. By Marcello Musto (January 22, 2024). “Late in life, Karl Marx had a brief encounter with the Arab world. Though he was never able to study the region in detail, Marx’s writings confirm his support for Arab struggles against their colonial oppressors.”

No, Karl Marx wasn’t a hideous racist. By Ben Burgis (May 4, 2022). “Centrist pundit Andrew Sullivan thinks Karl Marx was “one of the most repellent anti-Semites and racists of the 19th century.” That’s nonsense — Marx’s political project was all about expanding human freedom and fighting oppression in every form.”

Karl Marx saw signs of the socialist future in the Paris Commune (May 21, 2021). David Broder interviews Stathis Kouvelakis: “Today marks 150 years since the start of the Bloody Week, when the French army drowned the Paris Commune in blood. For Karl Marx, the Paris revolution was the greatest working-class uprising in his lifetime — and a model for what socialism might look like.”

On his birthday, let’s celebrate the old Man Karl. By Nicolas Allen (May 5, 2021). An interview with Marcello Musto: “Karl Marx’s final years of life are often overlooked as a period of intellectual and physical decline. But his thought remained vibrant to the end, as he addressed political questions that are still relevant to us today.”

What Marx understood about slavery. By Kevin B. Anderson (5 September 2019). “Marx, like generations of socialists, saw the particularly capitalist character of the New World’s slavery — and the inextricable link between the emancipation of the enslaved and the liberation of the entire working class.”

The roots of Karl Marx’s anti-colonialism. By Thierry Drapeau (4 January 2019). “Through his relationship with the Chartist radical and labor poet Ernest Jones, Karl Marx came to realize the necessity of opposing slavery and colonialism in ending capitalism.”

Flawed, manic, and one of us. By Rafael Khachaturian (18 September 2018). Review of Jason Barker, Marx Returns (Zero Books, 2018, 352 p.): “A new book brings to life Marx’s formative years in London, filtered through the prism of magical realism.” See also review by Chris Rumble (Historical Materialism, Blog, 2018).

Why Marx’s Capital still matters (July 12, 2018). “David Harvey on why Karl Marx’s Capital is still the defining guide to understanding — and overcoming — the horrors of capitalism.”

Marx’s America. By Andrew Hartman (May 5, 2018). “Marx was born 200 years ago today. His radical politics were indelibly shaped by his encounters with American life.”

Marx the Journalist. By James Ledbetter (May 5, 2018). “Marx is often remembered as a political economist or philosopher. But he made his mark as a journalist.”

Adventures in Marxism. By Marshall Berman (May 5, 2018). “In honor of Marx’s two-hundredth birthday, we reprint Berman’s ode to this humanistic Marx, first published in a 1999 collection.”

A New Marxian Century. By John Bellamy Foster (May 5, 2018). “It’s not just that Marx’s ideas remain relevant — we’re also in the midst of a great new age of Marxian thought.”

Left Voice

The relevance of Marx at 200. By Doug Greene (May 5, 2018). “To reduce Marx to just an insightful critic of capitalism is to forget his life’s work as a theorist and practitioner of communist revolution. There lies the enduring relevance of Marx’s work.”

Logos: A Journal of Modern Society & Culture

Das Kapital 150 years later (Vol.17, No.1, Winter 2018). With 8 articles about class, gender, capitalism, technology and socialism.

Marx & Philosophical Review of Books

Responses to Marx’s Capital. By Bill Jefferies (24 July 2018). Review of Richard B Day and Daniel F Gaido (eds.), Responses to Marx’s Capital: From Rudolf Hilferding to Isaak Illich Rubin (Brill, 2017, 878 p.): “Responses to Marx spans an astonishing range of articles from many of the greatest Marxists to have written. Consistently brilliant throughout, the translations shine.”

Marx’s Capital: an unfinishable project? By Jurriaan Bendien (15 June 2018). Review of Gerald Hubmann and Marcel van der Linden’s book (Brill, 2018, 306 p.): “Overall, the book represents a modest attempt to study the thought of Marx and Engels scientifically, without treating them like deities or demons.”

Michael Roberts Blog

Marx 200: Carney, Bowles and Varoufakis (April 23, 2018). “In his speech at a ‘Growth Summit’ to the Public Policy Forum in Toronto, Mark Carney [governor of the Bank of England] set out to be provocative and headline catching with a statement that Marxism could once again become a prominent political force in the West.”

Marx 200 – a new book (March 27, 2018). About Michael Roberts’ book, Marx 200 – a review of Marx’s economics 200 years after his birth (Lulu, 2018, 175 p.): “In this short book, I argue that Marx developed three key laws of motion of capitalism, around which a clear analysis of the nature of modern economies can be understood.” See review by Martin Empson (Socialist Review, Issue 436, June 2018).

Monthly Review

Marx and Engels and Russia’s Peasant Communes. By Ian Angus (Vol.74, No.5, October 2022). “In the past and in his own time, Marx has been portrayed as endorsing the enclosure of the commons as a necessary historical stage on the path to socialism. However, a more accurate account, one that is critical of the enclosure movement, can be found in his response to the destruction of commons-based peasant communities in Russia—while it was actually happening.”

Revisiting Marx on race, capitalism, and revolution. By Kevin B. Anderson (Vol.73, No.10, March 2022). “Did Karl Marx have a theory of race and capitalism? Not exactly, but he theorized on these issues over four decades and much of what he wrote still speaks to us today. At a time of global and U.S. struggles for liberation in the face of a deeply racialized fascist threat, these writings are worth revisiting.”

Marx and Slavery. By John Bellamy Foster, Hannah Holleman and Brett Clark (Vol.72, No.3, July-August 2020). “Although Marx never wrote a treatise on slavery, the issue of slave labor was woven into his analysis of social formations, both ancient and modern, and was inextricably intertwined with his treatment of wage labor.”

Marx and the indigenous. By John Bellamy Foster, Brett Clark and Hannah Holleman (Vol.71, No.9, February 2020). “The ‘turn toward the indigenous’ in social theory in the last couple of decades, associated with the critique of white settler colonialism, has reintroduced themes long present in Marxian theory, but in ways that are often surprisingly divorced from Karl Marx’s critique of capitalism, colonialism, and imperialism.”

Marx’s open-ended critique. By John Bellamy Foster (Vol.70, No.1, May 2018). “Against attempts to characterize Marx as a dogmatic and deterministic thinker, it is precisely the open-endedness of his criticism that accounts for historical materialism’s staying power. This openness has allowed Marxism to continually reinvent itself, expanding its empirical and theoretical content and embracing ever larger aspects of historical reality.”

MR Online

Class, gender, race & colonialism: The ‘intersectionality’ of Marx. By Kevin B. Anderson (Daraja Press/Monthly Review Press, 2020, 34 p.; online February 8, 2021). “It is important to see both his brilliant generalisations about capitalist society and the very concrete ways in which he examined not only class, but also gender, race, and colonialism, and what today would be called the intersectionality of all of these.”

K is for Karl (Episode 1): Alienation (May 2, 2018). “In the first of a series of five short films, British journalist and filmmaker Paul Mason searches for the roots of Marx’s thinking in Berlin, where he began his university studies in 1836.” + (Episode 2): Communism (May 3, 2018) + (Episode 3): Revolution (May 4, 2018) + (Episode 4): Exploitation (May 8, 2018).

Commemorative Karl Marx stamp celebrates economist’s 200th birthday. By Gunseli Yalcinkaya (May 10, 2018). “The German postal service has released a postage stamp, designed by visual artist Thomas Mayfried, to commemorate the 200th birthday of Karl Marx.”

Karl Marx and his conception of history. By Irfan Habib (May 5, 2018). “This is the bicentenary year of the birth of Karl Marx; and the best way of observing it is to recall the teachings of that great man—and act according to them.”

New Statesman

Why Marx is more relevant than ever in the age of automation. By Paul Mason (7 May 2018). “On the bicentenary of his birth, Marx continues to be a key thinker thanks to his surprising faith in the individual.” See also Dragan Plavšić: Why Paul Mason is wrong about Marx (Counterfire, May 8, 2018)

The Public Autonomy Project

“A Question of Land and Existence”: An introduction to Marx’s anti-colonialism. By Steve D’Arcy (April 13, 2020). “Although a thorough assessment of Marx’s anti-colonial politics would have to devote substantial critical attention to its many limitations, my emphasis here is not on these limitations, but rather on aspects of Marx’s anti-colonialism that remain relevant, illuminating, and worthy of serious consideration today.”

RS21: Revolutionary Socialism in the 21st Century

Marx and historical materialism (21 January 2018). “Rob Hoveman gives an overview of some of these key philosophical concepts in Marx’s thought, arguing that abstract concepts are vital, but we also need to think through how we apply.”

Socialist Review

Karl Marx: Philosophy and Revolution. By Kevin McCaighy (Issue 452, December 2019). Review of Shlomo Avineri’s book (Yale University Press, 2019, 240 p.): “Shlomo Avineri’s latest addition to the mountain of books devoted to life and work of Karl Marx belongs to a new and ignominious genre — speculative biography.”

Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society. By Sheila McGregor (Issue  451, November 2019). Review of Michael Heinrich’s book, Vol.1: 1818-1841 (Monthly Review Press, 2019, 390 p.). “Unlike others, Heinrich checks facts meticulously and embeds Marx and his writings in the economic and social circumstances, personal and political relationships, political ideas and polemics of Marx’s life.” See also interview with Michael Heinrich (Historical Materialism, 2018) + review of the German edition by Darren Rossen (Marxist Left Review, Issue 18, Winter 2019).

The enduring appeal of Marx. By Sally Campbell (Issue 431, January 2018). “Sally Campbell introduces a monthly column looking at his life, work and relevance today.” See also Joseph Choonara: How Marx discovered the working class (Issue 433, March 2018).

Socialist Worker

Making a Marx on history—celebrating 200 years since Karl Marx’s birth (Issue 2602, 1 May 2018). “On the anniversary of Karl Marx’s birth, Alex Callinicos looks at the lasting legacy of the great revolutionary.” See also tags with more articles: Marx 200.

What to read by, and about, Karl Marx (Issue 2602, 1 May 2018). “Marx was a prolific writer. Simon Basketter looks at where socialists who are interested in his ideas should start.”

SocialistWorker.org

What the Indian rebels taught Karl Marx. By Pranav Jani (May 9, 2018). “The charge that Marxism is Eurocentric erases not only what Marx himself wrote, but the work of other Marxists who debated and developed his ideas.”

How Marx became a Marxist in five easy steps (May 4, 2018). “Karl Marx turns 200 years young on May 5. Here to celebrate is Todd Chretien with an introduction to the theoretical steps, small and large, that Marx took on the way to becoming Marxist.”

Is Marxism Eurocentric? By Lance Selfa (January 22, 2015). “One objection to Marxism is that it originated two centuries ago in Europe–so what could it have to say to the world’s oppressed today?”

Verso

Who was Karl Marx? (Blog, 4 May 2018). “Marx biographer Sven-Eric Liedman asks this very question in his new book. Here he reviews the various biographies that exist – books that in one way or another claim to deal with the complete Marx, his life and his works.” See also excerpt from Sven-Eric Liedman, A World to Win: The Life and Works of Karl Marx (Verso, 2018, 752 p.) (Verso, Blog, 4 May 2018) + review by Martin Thomas (Workers’ Liberty, 17 June 2018) + review by David McLellan (Marx & Philosophical Review of Books, 26 June 2018) + Marx turns 200: A mixed gift, by Rafael Bernabe (Against the Current, Issue 196, September-October 2018)

Weekly Worker

Essentially human qualities (Issue 1482, 14 March 2024). “Tam Dean Burn reviews Marx in London! by Jonathan Dove (director Stephen Barlow) Theatre Royal Glasgow, February 15-17, and Festival Theatre Edinburgh, February 22-24.”

Who remembers Marx? (Issue 1202, 10 May 2018). “Paul Demarty marks 200 years since the birth of the founder of scientific socialism.”

 

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