Pictorial map of Robinson Crusoe's island, published in Serious Reflections of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, 1720. Original artist unknown. Photoscan by J. Kenneth Van Dover. Public Domain.
Pictorial map of Robinson Crusoe's island, published in Serious Reflections of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, 1720. Original artist unknown. Photoscan by J. Kenneth Van Dover. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons

Socialistisk Biblioteks Tidslinje med links til begivenheder og personer i 1719.

Se også Index over personer, organisationer/partier og værker (som bøger, malerier, mm.), steder, begivenheder, mv., der er omtalt på hele Tidslinjen, titler og indhold på emnelisterne osv.

 

25. april 1719

Den britiske forfatter Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) udgiver i London romanen Robinson Crusoe. (Originaltitel: “The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates”).

Den engelske forfatter m.m. Daniel Defoe dør i London (født 1659 eller 1660 i London).
Udgav romanen Robinson Crusoe (“The Life & Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe”) i 1719.

Daniel Defoe (1611-1731), a half-length portrait to right in blue and orange gown and brown full bottomed wig. Oil on canvas painting from 17th-18th century in the style of Sir Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723) German portraet painter in England. Collection: Royal Museums Greenwich, England. Public Domain.
Daniel Defoe (1611-1731), a half-length portrait to right in blue and orange gown and brown full bottomed wig. Oil on canvas painting from 17th-18th century in the style of Sir Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723) German portraet painter in England. Collection: Royal Museums Greenwich, England. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Se:

Om bogen “Robinson Crusoe”:

Robinson Crusoe (Wikipedia.no). Norsk artikel med links til dansk og større engelsk artikel.

The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. By Daniel Defoe. With Illustrations by H. M. Brock (1919) Full text online (Project Gutenberg, HTML-version, 236 page).

Thank God it’s Friday: 300 years of Robinson Crusoe (Counterfire, April 24, 2019). “On the 300 year anniversary of the publishing of Robinson Crusoe, Morgan Daniels analyses what the book really tells us from a Marxist perspective.”

Robinson Crusoe and the secret of primitive accumulation. By Stephen Hymer (Monthly Review, Vol.63, No.4, September 2011, p.18-39; reprint from September 1971). “In this essay I would like to go over the details of Crusoe’s story – how, starting as a slave trader, he uses the surplus of others to acquire a fortune – in order to illustrate Marx’s analysis of the capitalist economy, especially the period of primitive accumulation which was its starting point.”

Robinson Crusoe, and the individual in a socialist society. By Karl Radek. Section 4 in: Capitalist Slavery Versus Socialist Organisation of Labour, 1931 (Marxists Internet Archive). “Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is a book containing the best reflection of the social ideal of a bourgeoisie in its prime, confident of its youthful vigor.”

How the ‘Soviet’ Robinson Crusoe was written (1933). By Ilya Ilf and Eugeni Petrov (International Socialism, No.2, Autumn 1960, p.12-13; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “You understand, emphasised the editor, this must be gripping, fresh, crammed with exciting incidents. In fact, it should be a sort of soviet Robinson Crusoe. So that the reader would not lose sympathy with the hero.”

Capitalism, Socialism & Communism: What they are, why they don’t work, what works better (Progressive Living; online at the WayBack Machine). “Consider the novel ‘Robinson Crusoe’, the familiar story of a man who is shipwrecked on an uninhabited island, and who is forced to make a life for himself equipped initially with nothing but a few basic tools.”

Post-colonial literatures as counter-discourse: J.M. Coetzee’s Foe and the reworking of the canon (pdf). By Ayo Kehinde (Journal of African Literature and Culture, p. 33-57; online at Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 32:3, 2006). “Since Defoe is representative enough in the canon of colonialist discourse, the paper focuses on one of his texts (Robinson Crusoe), and it also examines a work of a post-colonial African novelist (Coetzee) as a riposte to Defoes.”

Roinson Crusoe as Economic Man + Karl Marx + Capitalism, Colonialism, and Imperialism etc. (Brooklyn College, Syllabus, 2001-04). “As economic man, Crusoe has been specifically identified with capitalism, particularly by Marxist critics.”

«The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe» by Daniel Defoe (1660-1731). London, 1719, original edition. Foundation Martin Bodmer. Photo: Deniev Dagun. (CC BY 4.0).
«The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe» by Daniel Defoe (1660-1731). London, 1719, original edition. Foundation Martin Bodmer. Photo: Deniev Dagun. (CC BY 4.0). Source: Wikimedia Commons.

 

Karl Marx om Robinson Crusoe: Kilde: Kapitalen, 1. bog, 1, første afsnit: Vare og Penge, kapitel 1: Varen: 4. Varens fetichkarakter og dens hemmelighed
“Da den politiske økonomi elsker robinsonader, kan vi passende først kaste et blik på Robinson og hans ø. Skønt han af naturen er beskeden, har han dog forskellige behov, som må tilfredsstilles, og han må derfor forrette nyttigt arbejde af forskellig art, lave værktøj, fremstille møbler, tæmme lamaer, fiske, gå på jagt osv. Vi vil her ikke tale om hans bønner og den slags, da vor Robinson har sin fornøjelse deraf og betragter sådanne aktiviteter som rekreative. Trods spændvidden i hans produktive funktioner ved han, at de kun er forskellige former for samme Robinsons virksomhed, altså kun forskellige måder at udføre menneskeligt arbejde på. Nøden selv tvinger ham til at dele sin tid nøjagtigt mellem sine forskellige funktioner. Om den ene funktion indtager større, den anden mindre plads i hans totalvirksomhed, afhænger af, om en større eller mindre vanskelighed må overvindes for at opnå den tilsigtede nyttevirkning. Det er noget, erfaringen lærer ham, og vor Robinson, som har reddet ur, hovedbog, blæk og pen fra skibbruddet, begynder snart som god englænder at bogføre. Hans inventarliste indeholder en fortegnelse over de brugsgenstande, som han besidder, over de forskellige operationer, som produktionen af dem kræver, og endelig over den arbejdstid, som forskellige mængder af disse forskellige produkter i gennemsnit koster ham. Alle relationer mellem Robinson og de ting, der udgør hans selvskabte rigdom, er her så simple og gennemsigtige, at selv hr. M. Wirth [1] uden særlig åndsanstrengelse bør kunne forstå dem. Og dog indeholder disse relationer alle væsentlige bestemmelser af værdien …”

Note 1: Hr. M. Wirth (= Moritz Wirth), der som påstået materialist af Engels nævnes i sammenhæng med de franske ‘marxister’, der skulle have fået Marx til at udbryde det berømte citat, at han så selv ikke er marxist. Kilde: Engels til C. Schmidt in Berlin (5. august 1890).
Om kilderne til dette citat, se også Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, Vol. II: The Politics of Social Classes. By Hal Draper (Monthly Review Press, 1978, p.7).

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