Tidslinje: 1700-1799

1797

14. juli 2009

170

Heinrich Heine monument, Düsseldorf. Sculpture made in bronze in 1978-1981 by Bert Gerresheim (1935–), German sculptor. Collection: Schwanenmarkt (Düsseldorf). Photo: Bodoklecksel, März 2006. (CC BY-SA 3.0). Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Socialistisk Biblioteks Tidslinje med links til begivenheder og personer i 1797.

Se også Index over personer, organisationer/partier og værker (som bøger, malerier, mm.), steder, begivenheder, mv., der er omtalt på hele Tidslinjen, titler og indhold på emnelisterne osv.

27. maj 1797

Den franske revolutionære Gracchus Babeuf henrettes i Paris som ansvarlig for “De Liges Sammensværgelse” (født 23. november 1760).

François-Noël Babeuf/Gracchus Babeuf (1760–1797) was a French political agitator and journalist. Engraving from 1794 by François Bonneville (1755–1844), French engraver, publisher, painter and draughtsman. Collection: Bibliothèque nationale de France. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Se:

Babeuf, Gracchus (Leksikon.org)
François-Noël Babeuf (Wikipedia.org)
Gracchus Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals (Marxists Internet Archive; History of the French Revolution). Documents by Babeuf etc.

Gracchus Babeuf revisited. By Doug Enaa Greene (RS21: Revolutionary Socialism in the 21st Century, September 7, 2017). Review of Ian Birchall, The Spectre of Babeuf (Haymarket, 2016, 180 p.). “Ian Birchall provides a welcome corrective to the neglect of Babeuf by giving him the respect he deserves as a participant in the French Revolution and as an original socialist thinker …”

Day of the people: Gracchus Babeuf and the communist idea. By Doug Enaa Greene (Links: International Journal Of Socialist Renewals, February 20, 2013). “Babeuf was a revolutionary thinker and actor who was communist without having had a concept of capitalism as such.” Longer article (with 318 notes + bibliography with links).

The Babeuf bicentenary: conspiracy or revolutionary party? By Ian Birchall (International Socialism, Issue 72, Autumn 1996, p.77-93). “Was it a hopeless act of a desperate minority? Was Babeuf’s organisation the forerunner of the Leninist party?”

Neither Jacobin nor Utopian: Marx, Engels and Babeuf. By Ian Birchall (Grimanddim.org, 1996). “The present period is one in which it is vital to reassess the whole socialist tradition, starting with the man who in many ways stands at its very beginning, Babeuf.”

Morris, Bax and Babeuf. By Ian H. Birchall (The Morris Society Journal 1996; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “A century separates Morris’s death from Babeuf’s ‘Conspiracy of the Equals’, arguably the first revolutionary socialist organisation in history. But there is more than a coincidence of dates linking two great pioneers of socialist thought and practice; there is an interesting and, as far as I know, little discussed connection between the two men.”

Thoughts on the defense of Gracchus Babeuf (1969). By Herbert Marcuse (Marxists Internet Archive). “Babeuf’s Defense before the High Court at Vendôme tries to achieve the impossible: recognition, by the established authority, of extreme civil disobedience as a legitimate protest against established authority.”

The Conspiracy of Equals and the birth of communism (Socialisme ou Barbarie, Issue 2, May-June 1949; online at Libcom.org). “Jean Léger examines the history of Gracchus Babeuf and his ‘Conspiracy of Equals’, a communist organisation which emerged during the French Revolution.”

The Last Episode of the French Revolution: Being a History of Gracchus Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals. By Ernest Belfort Bax (Marxists Internet Archive; Library). Book, 1911, 271 p.

Se også:

The first modern Socialists. Chapter 2 in Hal Draper: The Two Souls of Socialism (New Politics, Vol. 5, No.1, Winter 1966). “Out of the wreckage of the French Revolution rose different kinds of socialism. We will consider three of the most important in the light of our question.”

Forerunners of socialism in the early nineteenth century. By Paul Hampton (Solidarity & Workers Liberty, Issue 723, 30 October 2024). “The following 12 articles introduce some of the key individuals and tendencies of early nineteenth century socialism before the Communist Manifesto. Each has a brief summary of their lives, key ideas, criticism and useful reading in English.”