A city of devastation: Hebron 20 years after the massacre. By Einat Fishbain / ‘The Hottest Place in Hell’ (+972, February 25, 2014)
“Since terrorist Baruch Goldstein committed a massacre at the Cave of the Patriarchs 20 years ago today, the situation of Palestinians in Hebron has only deteriorated.”
Watch: Anti-occupation activists bring Hebron to Tel Aviv. By Social TV (+972, February 27, 2014)
“Dozens of Tel Aviv storeowners woke up Tuesday morning to find that anti-occupation activists had posted fake military orders on their storefronts.” Video [1:37 min.)
In Hebron, terror begets a reign of terror. By Michael Omer-Man (+972, February 25, 2014)
“The roots of segregation in Hebron and Baruch Goldstein’s massacre of 29 Palestinian worshipers.”
The day after the massacre, in Hebron’s Jewish settlement. By Yigal Mosko / ‘The Hottest Place in Hell’ (+972, February 25, 2014)
“Something saddened the Jewish settlers of Hebron following the Cave of the
Patriarchs Massacre: the army canceled their Purim parade.”
Photos: 20 years since Cave of the Patriarchs Massacre. Photos by: Anne Paq, Ryan Rodrick Beiler, Yotam Ronen, and Oren Ziv/Activestills.org (+972, February 25, 2014)
“In 1994, the Israeli military responded to a massacre by a Jewish settler by
restricting the movement of Hebron’s Palestinian residents. Two decades later,
the restrictions are more severe …”
Photos: IDF brigade commander vs Hebron’s kindergarten. Text and photos by Dana Direktor / ‘The Hottest Place in Hell’ (+972, February 25, 2014)
“Even a kindergarten, an attempt to bring a small piece of normalcy to the area, has turned into a target for the army, police and settlers.”
A visit to the grave of mass-murderer Baruch Goldstein. By Jeff Klein (Mondoweiss, July 4, 2013)
“The revered Dr. Baruch Kapel Goldstein ” … Son of Israel. He gave his soul for the sake of the people of Israel, The Torah, and the Land. His hands are clean and his heart good ” … He was assassinated for the Sanctity of God.”
The market square is empty in Hebron. By Leehee Rotschild (+972, March 4, 2013)
“There are many injustices under the occupation: small ones and big ones. There is theft and murder and never ending oppression. There is Shuhada Street, and they all exist there.” The street was closed after the massacre by Baruch Goldstein.
A tale of two movements. By Phil Marshall (Socialist Review, No.175, May 1994, p.20; online at Marxists Internet Archive)
Jewish killer attacked mosque last year: Evidence is mounting that Baruch Goldstein was known to be dangerous well before the massacre, writes Sarah Helm (The Independent, 1 March 1994)
6. april 1994
Politisk attentat på landets præsident bliver signal til 3 mdr. borgerkrig og massemord på tutsier (ca. 1 mio. dræbte) i Rwanda og en flygtningestrøm (ca. 2 mio.) ud af landet.
Rwanda – en ufortalt historie? Af Loke Bisbjerg Nielsen (Modkraft.dk/Kontradoxa, 4. december 2014). En ny BBC-dokumentar stiller spørgsmålstegn folkedrabet i Rwanda 1994.
Genocide in Rwanda—25 years on. By Charlie Kimber (Socialist Worker, Issue 2648, 2 April 2019). “Horrific killingsago were rooted in colonialism, economic crisis and scapegoating.”
Tilbageblik på folkedrabet i 1994. Af Éric Toussaint (Socialistisk Information, 27.04.2014). “… det [er] afgørende at undersøge den rolle, som internationale finansielle institutioner spillede.”
The politics of denialism: The strange case of Rwanda. By Gerald Caplan (Pambazuka News, Issue 486, 2010-06-17). Review of Edward S. Herman and David Peterson’s The Politics of Genocide (Monthly Review Press, New York, 2010). See also Michael Karadjis’ introduction to Caplan’s article: Debunking Herman’s genocide denial on Rwanda (Mihalis Balkan Analysis, June 29, 2010)
The hope and the horror. By Simon Hester and Manny Tanoh (Socialist Review, Issue 178, September 1994). “Across the continent of Africa the effects of the world crisis are seen in the slaughter of Rwanda, the mass strikes in Nigeria and the struggles of impatient black workers in South Africa. Simon Hester and Manny Tanoh look into the roots of the Rwandan tragedy but show that not all politics in Africa today are those of despair.”
Første frie valg til Sydafrikas parlament, vindes af ANC (62% af stemmerne) og 27.4. bliver Sydafrikas frihedsdag.
10. maj 1994 bliver ANC-lederen Nelson Mandela Sydafrikas første ikke-hvide præsident (til 1999). Apartheid-perioden (siden 1948) regnes for afsluttet i Sydafrika.
Sydafrika efter apartheid (Baggrund.com, april 2024). “Denne Fokus-serie markerer 30-året for det første frie valg efter apartheid i april 1994 og indeholder bidrag fra forskellige forskere, der beskæftiger sig med landets historie, den nuværende politiske og sociale situation, samt den kulturelle arv fra apartheid.”
Sydafrika – 30 år efter Mandelas løsladelse. Af Ann Langwadt og Morten Nielsen (Arbejderen.dk, 22. marts 2020). “Vejen til frihed for Sydafrikas sorte og fattige befolkning er stadig lang og stejl, og resultatet 30 år efter Mandelas løsladelse den 11. februar 1990 er ikke det smukkeste.”
Dengang de borgerlige gav Mandela den kolde skulder og holdt hånden under apartheid (Arbejderen.dk, 12. februar 2020). “På 30-årsdagen for befrielsen af Nelson Mandela tager Arbejderen et kig tilbage til tiden, hvor det sydafrikanske apartheidregime havde flere danske venner blandt borgerlige politikere i Danmark. Pia Kjærsgaard kaldte Mandela for en “terroristleder”, og de borgerlige partier afviste at boykotte apartheidregimet.”
Sydafrika: 20 år efter apartheid. Af Jørn Andersen (Socialistisk Arbejderavis, nr. 338, 1. maj 2014; online på Internet Archive). “Den 27. april var det 20 år siden det første demokratiske valg i Sydafrika … Apartheid og kapitalisme var tæt sammenvævet. Det var modstanden desværre kun delvist.”
Did boycotts, divestment and sanctions overthrow the Apartheid regime in South Africa? By Ben Morken (In Defence of Marxism, 6 December 2023). “The truth is that the hated regime was not overthrown by international sanctions and disinvestments. As we have seen, these had a minimal impact on the regime … The key lesson is that the decisive blow against the Apartheid regime was dealt by a revolutionary mass movement, led by the South African working class.”
South Africa: The ANC monolith cracks (Socialist Worker, Issue 2401, 29 April 2014). Irvin Jim, head of the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa, and Dali Mpofu of the Economic Freedom Fighters, speak to Socialist Worker’s Ken Olende.”
The centennial of the ANC: what does it mean for the working class? By Vusumuzi Martin Bhengu (In Defence of Marxism,, 23 January 2012)
ANC centenary: a display of elite power. By Ayanda Kota (Counterfire, 10 January 2012)
A poisoned chalice: liberation, ANC-style. By John S. Saul (The Bullet, January 6, 2012; online at Internet Archive)
South Africa: an unfinished revolution? By Neville Alexander (Links, May 13, 2010)
Struggle continues for real liberation (Socialist Worker, Issue 1897, 17 April 2004). “Trevor Ngwane, a South African anti-capitalist activist, writes on the problems, and the resistance, in post-apartheid society as South Africans voted in a new general election.”
From racial to class apartheid: South Africa’s frustrating decade of freedom. By Patrick Bond (Monthly Review, Vol.55, No.10, March 2004)
Cairo-aftalen (Oslo I-aftalen) mellem Israel og PLO, Det palæstinensiske selvstyre etableres pr. 17. maj 1994, giver palæstinensisk kontrol over kun 67% af Gaza-striben.
Kim Il Sung, første leder af Den Demokratiske Folkerepublik Korea (Nordkorea) dør. (født 15. april 1912, se denne)
21. september 1994
Den århusianske komiker Jacob Hougaard (født 12. maj 1952 på Færøerne) vælges (opstillet for SABAE) som den første til Folketinget som løsgænger (til 1998).
Se:
Jacob Haugaard (Wikipedia.dk). Med links og valgprogram, bl.a. det berømte løfte/krav om “Mere medvind på cykelstierne”.
Enhedslisten kommer i Folketinget 21. september 1994.
Se:
Vores historie (1989-2019): Fra splittelse til samling på venstrefløjen (Enhedslisten)
“Fra splittelse til samling på venstrefløjen. Inden dannelsen af Enhedslisten var afmatningen på venstrefløjen markant. Berlinmurens og Sovjetunionens fald forstærkede en eksistentiel krise, og medlemmerne strømmede ud af partierne. Der skulle tænkes i nye baner for at indgyde et nyt håb.”
“1994 blev året, hvor Enhedslisten opnåede sit parlamentariske gennembrud, (mandag den 21. september 1994). Godt hjulpet på vej af Enhedslistens utrættelige kamp mod EU, som stod i skarp kontrast til SF’s ja ved folkeafstemningen i 1993, lykkedes det at få overbevist hele 104.578 (3,1 procent) af vælgerne om, at krydset skulle sættes ved Ø. Resultatet mundede ud i seks mandater, og det politiske landskab i Danmark stod for første gang i lang tid med en stærk og fortrøstningsfuld venstrefløj, der nu også var repræsenteret i Folketinget.”
Medlemmerne i den første folketingsgruppe var: Keld Albrechtsen, Bent Hindrup Andersen, Jette Gottlieb, Bruno Jerup, Søren Søndergaard og Frank Aaen.
Karl Popper, videnskabsteoretiker og filosof, dør i London (Født i Wien 28. juli 1902).
Hovedværk: Det åbne samfund og dets fjender (1945; dansk: 2001, 2 bd., Bd.1: Platon. Bd. 2: Hegel og Marx).
Symposium: Karl Popper, 1902-1994 (pdf) (Radical Philosophy, No.70, March/April 1995, p.2-8). Obituaries: Joseph Agassi: Learning from negative instances; Jerry Ravetz: Last of the great believers; Bernard Burgoyne: Question and answer; Robin Blackburn: Popper and the new left.
False consciousness. By Alex Callinicos (Socialist Review, No.179, October 1994, p.13). Obituary: “Popper’s real importance lies in the fact that he was a great philosopher of science.”
Popper Falsifies Marx. By Ian Birchall (1984) (Grim and Dim: The website of Ian Birchall). Longer articel.
The Critics Criticised – Professor Popper Looks at History,Part 1. By E.W. (Socialist Standard, No.622-625, June-September 1956) + Part 2 + Part 3 + Part 4.
Se også:
Marxists Internet Archive: Glossary of people: Po + Objective Knowledge – A Realistist View of Logic, Physics, and History. By Karl Popper. (The second last chapter is reproduced here).
10. december 1994
Nobels Fredspris gives ligeligt (!) mellem PLO-formanden Arafat og Rabin og Peres, hhv. Israels premier- og udenrigsminister.
Nobels fredspris: 100 års ubrugte muligheder (Kommunist, nr.1, 2022). “Juristen Fredrik Heffermehl har i flere årtier beskæftiget sig med norsk og internationalt fredsarbejde og med Nobels fredspris. I 2020 udgav han bogen Medaljens Bagside, hvor han giver en analyse af Nobelkomiteens arbejde.”
Putin and the Chechen wars. By Dan Katz (Solidarity & Workers’ Liberty, Issue 632, 21 April 2022). “After the collapse of the USSR in 1991 the Russian state conducted two bloody wars against the small nation of Chechnya.”
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![A demonstration of workers from the Putilov plant in Petrograd (modern day St. Peterburg), Russia, during the February Revolution. The left banner reads (misspelt) "Feed [plural imperative] the children of the defenders of the motherland"; the right banner, "Increase payments to the soldiers' families - defenders of freedom and world peace". Both refer to the economic toll the First World War was having on civilian life, February 1917 (probably around March 7 [O.S. February 22]) Photo: Unknown. Public Domain.](https://socbib.dk/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/1917-februarrevolution2.1500x0-200x140.jpg.webp)