Socialistisk Biblioteks Tidslinje med links til begivenheder og personer i 1961.
Se også Index over personer, organisationer/partier og værker (som bøger, malerier, mm.), steder, begivenheder, mv., der er omtalt på hele Tidslinjen, titler og indhold på emnelisterne osv.
10. januar 1961
Den amerikanske kriminal-forfatter Dashiell Hammett dør (født 27.5.1894). Medlem af det amerikanske kommunistparti og idømt ½ års fængselsstraf under McCarthyismen. Dannede par med forfatteren Lillian Hellman.
Dashiell Hammett (Denstoredanske.dk)
Dashiell Hammett (Wikipedia.org). Længere engelsk leksikal artikel, også pæn lang på norsk Wiki
Blodig enkelt. Av Jerome Charyn (Le Monde Diplomatique, nr.4, april 2011)
Portræt af voldens ideologi. Af Bjarne Andersen (Arbejderen, 2. februar
2011)
San Francisco har en aura af mord og mystik. Af Bo Tao Michaëlis (Politiken.dk, 17. juli 2010)
Dashiell Hammett: Hardboiled writer, communist fighter. By Mick Whale (Socialism Today, Issue 151, September 2011)
Dashiell Hammett lecture. By Joan Mellen (Joan Mellen’s site, March 5, 2009)
Toast to Dash. By Jean-Patrick Manchette (Le Matin, August 16, 1980)
Film og litteratur:
Dashiell Hammett Filmography (IMDb)
Dashiell Hammett (Bibliografi.dk). Oversigt over Hammetts bøger på dansk.
Dashiell Hammett (Pinkerton, 1979, 25 sider). Med artikler af Per Calum og Tom Kristensen + bibliografi af Bjarne Nielsen. Bibliografien findes i en revideret udgave i Dashiell Hammett: Kvinden i mørket (Fremad 1988, s. 77-106)
‘Voldens teolog: Dashiell Hammett’, – i: Dan Turéll: Sort film (Pinkerton, 1984, s.47-55)
Se også:
Two invented lives. By Phyllis Jacobson (New Politics, No. 23, Summer 1997). Review of Joan Mellen, Hellman and Hammett (New York, HarperCollins, 1996)
Forbidden questions: the politics of noir fiction. By Joel Lane (Socialism Today, Issue 132, October 2009)
Se også/See aslso:
Emnelisten om Rosenberg-sagen og McCarthyismen (Socialisisk Bibliotek)
17. januar 1961
Den afrikanske nationalist og det uafhængige Congos første statsminister Patrice Lumumba myrdes. (Født 1.6.1925 i Onalua).
Se:
- Lumumba, Patrice (Leksikon.org)
- Patrice Lumumba (Denstoredanske.org)
- Patrice Lumumba (Wikipedia.org)
- Patrice Lumumba (Marxists Internet Archive; Reference Archive)
Articles:
Patrice Lumumba (1925–1961). By Sean Jacobs (Jacobin: Reason in Revolt, 17 January 2017). “Lumumba’s Congolese National Movement was the only party offering a national ”” rather than ethnic ”” vision …”
Britain’s involvement in assassination of Congo’s Lumumba confirmed. By Jean Shaoul (World Socialist Web Site, 18 April 2013). “A senior British politician has revealed Britain’s involvement in the 1961 assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the Congo’s first prime minister.”
Patrice Lumumba’s relevance: Ideas for today’s generation of African leaders. By Antoine Roger Lokongo (Pambazuka News, Issue 613, 16 January 2013). “During the short life of Patrice Lumumba … he committed himself to several important ideas and principles that a new generation of Africans must re-visit.”
Fifty years since the murder of Patrice Lumumba. By Tom Eley (World Socialist Web Site, 22 January 2011). “Though not a socialist, Lumumba’s demand that the Congo should control its own extensive mineral wealth proved to be his death sentence.”
The murder of Patrice Lumumba: Congo’s tragedy (Socialist Worker, Issue 2233, 8 January 2011). “Leo Zeilig looks at his legacy and the fight against imperialism.”
Patrice Lumumba ‘will live forever’. By Leo Zeilig (Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, September 2008) + book excerpt: Towards independence (pdf, 33 p.). “He has rightly become a symbol, in Africa and elsewhere, of the fight against imperialism.”
Patrice Lumumba. By Simon Hester (Socialist Review, Issue 331, December 2008). Review of Leo Zeilig, Patrice Lumumba: Africa’s lost leader (The University of Chicago Press, 2008, 198 p.)
The unquiet death of Patrice Lumumba. By Bill Vann (World Socialist Web Site, 16 January 2002). “In November, an all-party commission of inquiry formed by the Belgian government released a report acknowledging that Belgium played a role in the murder of the Congolese leader.”
Dark heart of imperialism. By Charlie Kimber (International Socialism, Issue 92, Autumn 2001). Review of Ludo De Witte, The Assassination of Lumumba (Verso, 2001, 196 p.)
New revelations on the assasination of Patrice Lumumba: A belated trial of Belgian colonialism. By Pierre Dorremans (In Defence of Marxism, April 2000)
21. januar 1961
Den belgiske generalstrejke (startede i december 1960) afsluttes.
Se:
Belgium: Strike to Revolution? By Tony Cliff (International Socialism, No.4, Spring 1961)
The Belgian General Strike: Diary, December 28-31, 1960. By Maurice Brinton (på Marxist’s Internet Archive. Original pjece her: Belgium: the general strike – (Agitator/New Generation Pamphlet, January 1961) (Libcom.org) 34 sider dubl. pjece, PDF-format.
5. marts 1961
Dramaturgen Kjeld Abell dør (født 25.8.1901), forfatter til teaterstykkerne Melodien der blev væk (1935) og Anna Sophie Hedvig (1939).
Se:
Abell, Kjeld (Socialister på Assistens Kirkegård; Tidsskriftcentret.dk) Flere links
Se også:
Revolutionen på scenen : Kjeld Abell – 100 år den 25. august 2001. Af Gunni Busck (Kulturcentret Assistens).
13. marts 1961
Den tidligere tyske kommunist og partileder Ruth Fisher (oprindelig Elfriede Golke, født Eisler) dør i Paris. (Født 11. december 1895 i Leipzig). Leder af KPD april 1924 – 1. sept. 1925, afløst af den stalinistiske Ernst Thälmann. Skrev bogen Stalin and German Communism (1948).
Se:
Ruth Fischer (Wikipedia.org), og større tysk artikel.
Fischer, Ruth (Marxists Internet Archive; Glossary of People)
Ruth Fischer: Communist and Anti-Communist between Europe and America, 1895-1961. By Mario Kessler (Logos, Vol.11, No.2-3, 2012)
Ruth Fischer and German Communism. By Paul G. Stevens (Fourth International, Vol.10, No.3, March 1949; online at Marxists Internet Archive). Review of Ruth Fischer, Stalin and German Communism (Harvard University Press, 1948)
Stalin and German Communism. By Paul Mattick (Western Socialist, March-April, 1949; online at Marxists Internet Archive). Review of Ruth Fischer’s book.
31. marts 1961
Kampagnen mod Atomvåbens første påskemarch Holbæk-København, med ca. 2000 deltagere afsluttes 3.4. med massemøde på Rådhuspladsen (25-30.000).
Se:
Påskemarch (Fredsakademiet; Freds- og Sikkerhedspolitisk ordbog) med referencer, + link til Bodil Kochs tale på Rådhuspladsen
Kampagnen mod Atomvåben (Leksikon.org).
Kampagnen mod Atomvåben (Wikipedia.dk) med links.
Se også på Socialistisk Biblitek:
Tidslinjen 21. oktober 1960 om Kampagnen mod Atomvåben.
12. april 1961
Den russiske kosmonaut Jurij Gagarin bliver første mand i rummet i Vostok 1 i 1 time og 29 min. (dør 27.3.1968).
Se:
Juri Gagarin (Wikipedia.dk)
Fifty years since the first manned spaceflight. By Patrick Martin (World Socialist Web Site, 16 April 2011)
Daily Worker Reports Gagarin space Mission (Socialist Unity, 13 April 2011) Photo of newspaper article+ comments.
Short story: Yuri Gagarin. by Simon Korner 21 Century Socialism; December 17th 2009) memories of the day in 1961.
Se også:
Austronaut (Denstoredanske.dk)
16. april 1961
Træningslejre for frivillige til analfabetiseringskampagnen i Cuba starter.
Se:
Radical literacy : The extraordinary story of Cuba’s literacy campaign in 1961 (Ocean Press).
17. april 1961
USA-invasionen i Cuba (ved eksilkubanere) i Svinebugten slår fejl.
Se:
Svinebugtsaffæren (Denstoredanske.dk)
Invasionen i Svinebugten i Cuba – 40 år (Modkraft.dk)
Bay of Pigs Invasion (Wikipedia.org). Også links til Wiki-artikler på dansk, norsk mfl.
U.S. Bay of Pigs invasion (Marxists Internet Archive; Cuban History)
50 years ago: Bay of Pigs invasion (World Socialist Web Site, 11 April 2011)
50 years: Kennedy administration plots Bay of Pigs invasion (World Socialist Web Site, 7 March 2011)
Day of Pigs (Spartacus Educational). Incl. YouTube-videos: Bay of Pigs (7. + 10 min.)
For or against The Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba 1961: Max Shachtman debates Hal Draper (Workers’ Liberty, 17 June, 2014). Pamphlet, published by Hal Draper in May 1961. Shachtman’s contribution also online at Marxists Internet Archive.
Litteratur:
Hans Magnus Enzensberger: Forhøret i Havana (Gyldendal, 1971, 184 sider). Se udddrag af bogens indledning: Svinebugten – et overblik (Cubabladet, nr.2, 2001)
4. maj 1961
Starten på den første ‘Freedom Rides’ til USAs sydstater, der ville udfordre raceadskillelsen ved direkte aktion. Medfører voldsomme angreb især i Alabama og blev begyndelsen til militante borgerrettighedsbevægelse.
Se:
4. maj 1961 Freedom Riders udfordrer racelove (Arbejderen, 4. maj 2011). “En hvid og sort der deler bussæde. Det er en strafbar handling i USA’s sydstater i 1960’erne.”
Freedom Riders (Spartacus Educational)
Freedom Riders (Wikipedia.org)
50th anniversary: Freedom Rides and the civil rights movement. By Alex Snowdon (Counterfire, 28 May 2011)
50 years ago: ‘Freedom Riders’ assaulted by racist mobs in Alabama (World Socialist Web Site, 9 May 2011)
50th Anniversary of the First Freedom Ride: New documentary recounts historic 1961 effort to challenge segregated bus system in the deep South (Democracy Now! May 4, 2011)
The Jackson Freedom Ride. By Fred Halstead (International Socialist Review, Vol.23, No.2, Spring 1962)
Se også om Freedom Summer (1964):
Freedom Summer (Wikipedia.org)
Fifty years since the Civil Rights Act. By Tom Mackaman (World Socialist Web Site, 2 July 2014)
Fifty years since the murder of the Mississippi civil rights workers. By Fred Mazelis (World Socialist Web Site, 23 June 2014)
When the whole world was watching Mississippi. By Marlene Martin (SocialistWorker.org, June 11, 2014)
Freedom Summer Theme (Against the Current, Issue 170, May-June 2014):
Freedom Summer, 1964: an overview, by Marty Oppenheimer
Freedom Schools: the curriculum, by Marty Oppenheimer
Freedom Summer remembered: interview with Walter Kaufmann
Remembering Mississippi, 1964-65: interview with Claudia Morcom
African-American self-defense. By Malik Miah (Against the Current, Issue 174, January-February 2015). Review of Charles E. Cobb Jr., This Nonviolent Stuff’ Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible (Basic Books, 2014, 294 p.)
Se også på Socialistisk Bibliotek
Linkboxen Black Power : Historie og personer
31. maj 1961
Lov om prostitutionskunde-forbud – Lov nr. 163 af 31. maj 1961 om ændringer i borgerlig straffelov gør det strafbart med kønslig forhold ved betaling eller løfte herom til en person af samme køn under 21 år (“Den grimme lov”) – fører til forfølgelse af bøsser fra politiets og kriminelle miljøers side. Loven ophæves 4. juni 1965, se denne)
2. juli 1961
Den amerikanske forfatter Ernest Hemingway dør i Ketchum, Idaho (født i Oak Park, Illinois den 21. juli 1899, se denne)
13. august 1961
Den østtyske del af Berlin spærres af, Berlinmuren rejses.
Se:
Linkbox: Murens fald (Socialistisk Bibliotek)
13. oktober 1961
I DDR indføres trafiksignaler med figurer med runde former, der Ampelmann. Fra 90’erne kommer offentlig debat og nostalgisk stemning i det tidligere DDR for bevarelse af trafikfigurerne.
Se:
Ampelmänchen (Wikipedia) English & Deutsch
17. oktober 1961
I Paris massakrerer politiet en demo af overvejende algiere bosat i Frankrig, ved en demonstration for uafhængighed for Algeriet.
Ca. 2.300 såres alvorligt. Dødstallet er omdiskuteret, men går fra mindst 50 til over 200, og endnu flere når man inddrager hele perioden september-december 1961, idet politiet før og især efter d. 17.10. greb til repression: drab, fængsling, internering og deportation.
“Her druknede vi algierne”. Banner på bro over floden Seine i Paris.
Links:
Paris massacre of 1961 (Wikipedia.org). Med links til kort svensk og længere fransk leksikon-artikler.
Thread: 17 Octobre 1961 demonstrations (Algeria.com : Officiel Website. Discussion Forum). Books, memoires, photos, debate, videos (interview with Einaudi, page 9) etc.
Paris 1961: “Här dränker man algerier” (Motbilder, 22. maj 2009). Svensk artikel.
50 years ago: Paris police massacre French Muslims (World Socialist Web Site, 17 October 2011)
17 October 1961: Massacre in Paris (Socialist Worker, Issue 2273, 15 October 2011). Historian Jean-Luc Einaudi exposed the murders in his book The Battle of Paris.
Eyewitnesses to the 1961 Paris massacre (Socialist Worker, Issue 2273, 15 October 2011)
Paris 1961: a hidden massacre. By Tom Whittaker (International Socialism, Issue 116, Autumn 2007). Review of Jim House and Neil McMaster, Paris 1961: Algerians, State Terror and Memory (Oxford University, 2006). See from the book: Generel Introduction (21 p., pdf) (Algeria.com)
An interview with Alain Tasma, director of October 17, 1961. By David Walsh World Socialist Web Site, 28 September 2005)
The massacre of October 17, 1961. By Mitch Abidor (Marxists Internet Archive)
Appeal to the French: Algeria FLN October 22, 1961 (Marxists Internet Archive). The French federation of the FLN distributed this tract to the French public.
50 years ago: One million march in Paris against Algerian war (World Socialist Web Site, 13. February 2012)!! On the police repression as late as Febr. 1962.
Se også/See also:
Tidslinjen 8. juli 1962 om Algiers uafhængighed.
Tidslinjen 1. november 1954 om uafhængighedskrigens start.
Video: 
Remembering the Paris massacre 50 years on By Ben Barnier / France 3 (video)
Rachel HOLMAN (text) (France24, 18/10/2011; video 1:54 min. english text).)
Massacres du 17 Octobre 1961 Ã Paris (Youtube.com; 3:26 min.) Fransk tale og tekster.
Nuit Noire 17 Octobre 1961. Uddrag af spillefilm instr. af Alain Tasma (YouTube.com, 9:46 min.). Fransk tale.
Film complet:Nuit noire 17 octobre 1961 (YouTube, 1:48:28 hour) Fransk tale.
21. oktober 1961
Den tyskfødte marxist Karl Korsch dør i Massachusetts, USA (Født i Niedersachsen, Tyskland, 15. august 1886, se denne)
5. december 1961
Frantz Fanon dør (født 20. juli 1925).
Se personlisten Frantz Fanon (1925-1961)
