1919: the year the world was on fire. By Steve Fraser (Jacobin, 13 January 2019). “One hundred years ago was a time of revolution. Emma Goldman, John Reed, and Bill Haywood were at the center of it all.”
1919 race riots in Britain—a legacy of empire (Socialist Worker, Issue 2676, 15 October 1919). “One hundred years ago Britain was gripped by huge workers’ struggles but also horrific race riots. Ken Olende looks at how the racist violence was unleashed—and how some of the left organised against it.”
1919—Britain in revolt (Socialist Worker, Issue 2635, 31 December 2018). “One hundred years ago protests and strikes shook the state. Sarah Bates tells the story of a year of struggle that posed a challenge to the system.”
15. januar 1919
Rosa Luxemburg og Karl Liebknecht myrdes i Berlin.
Rosa Luxemburg og Karl Liebknecht myrdes (Arbejderen.dk, 15. januar 2019). “Mordene på Rosa Luxemburg og Karl Liebknecht var en del af en større aktion iværksat af den socialdemokratiske regering for at knuse revolutionen i Tyskland.”
Er dette liget af Rosa Luxemburg? Af Peter Wivel (Politiken.dk, 7. juni 2009). “Forsker mener, at liget af en af Tysklands mest kendte revolutionære har ligget gemt i en hospitalskælder siden 1919.”
‘I was, I am, I will be’ – 100 years after the death of Rosa Luxemburg (RS21: Revolutionary Socialism in the 21st Century, 15 January 2019). “Joe Sabatini reviews a recent publication exposing the events of their deaths, Klaus Gietinger’s The Murder of Rosa Luxemburg, as well as providing an introduction to some of the literary works inspired by the events of 16 January 1919.” See also review by Mark Farmer (Socialist Review, Issue 445, April 2019).
The murder of Rosa Luxemburg (Verso, Blog, 15 January 2019). An excerpt from the Introduction to Klaus Gietinger, The Murder of Rosa Luxemburg (Verso, 2019, 224 p.). “On the tracks of the killers of Rosa Luxemburg.”
“They were openly calling for murder” (Verso, Blog, 15 January 2019). “On the 100th anniversary of the murder of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, Klaus Gietinger is interviewed about the events that lead up to the murders, and who was responsible for them.”
Den tyske socialist, skribent og medstifter af Spartakusforbundet Franz Mehring dør i Berlin (født i Schlawe i Pommern den 27. februar 1846, se denne)
4. februar 1919
4. februar 1919 til “Ekspressionistisk Aften” i Politikens foredragssal affyrere den 26årige digter Emil Bønnelycke pistolskud under egen oplæsning af sit digt Rosa Luxemburg – Prosalyrisk Symphoni pathetique in Memoriam (1919, 54 sider)**
Rosa Luxemburg – Prosalyrisk Symphoni pathetique in Memoriam. Af Emil Bønnelycke (København, 1919, 54 sider). De 100 trykte eksemplarer er forsynet med teksten: “Digtet vil ikke fremkomme i nogen Bog – eller Digtsamling, foreliger saaledes kun i denne Form.”
For et eksempel fra samtidige presses (ironiske) omtale af oplæsningen.
Kilde: Københavnerliv, 6. februar 1919.
6. februar 1919
Starten på generalstrejken (6.-11. februar) i Seattle imod lønfastfrysningen under Første Verdenskrig. Første begivenhed under den såkaldte “Red Scare” (kommunistforskrækkelse) i USA 1919-20.
Links:
The front page of the Seattle Union Record at the beginning of the Seattle General Strike, Monday February 3, 1919. 1919. Public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
How general strike rhetoric became a city-wide reality. By Steve Early (New Politics, January 4, 2020). “Review of Cal Winslow, Radical Seattle: The General Strike of 1919 (Monthly Review Press, 2020, 220 p.). “Winslow’s work provides not just a window into the world of left-wing labor activism during its last century glory days. His book contains many illustrative examples of socialist agitators and organizers steadily expanding the audience for their ideas …” Se also review by John Westmoreland (Counterfire, August 20, 2020).
When workers stopped Seattle. By Cal Winslow (Jacobin, July 3, 2019). “The Seattle General Strike of 1919 is a forgotten and misunderstood part of American history. But it shows that workers have the power to shut down whole cities — and to run them in our interests.”
100 years since the Seattle General Strike. Part 1-2. By Kayla Costa (World Socialist Web Site, 11-12 February 2019). “From February 6 to 11, 1919, more than 60,000 workers in Seattle, Washington joined one of the most significant general strikes in United States history. Sparked by the appeals of local shipyard workers, for six days the working class united across industries took control of the economic life of the leading city of the Pacific Northwest.”
The Seattle General Strike: a 100-Year legacy. By Cal Winslow (CounterPunch, February 8, 2019). “Today, this strike is largely forgotten, or worse, when remembered, dismissed as a long lost cause, sometimes reduced to a ‘disaster’ – that is, a near fatal setback for Seattle’s working people. It was neither.”
When workers’ power ran Seattle (SocialistWorker.org, February 6, 2019). “On its centenary this week, Darrin Hoop recounts the largely untold history of the Seattle General Strike of 1919.”
Company town? Ghosts of Seattle’s rebel past. By Cal Winslow (New Left Review, Issue 112, July-August 2018). “Reverberations of the October Revolution on the far shore of the North Pacific, as Wobblies, loggers and shipyard workers rally to the general strike of 1919.” Also online with the title: Seattle, “the Soviet of Washington” (Jacobin, October 3, 2018).
When workers ran Seattle: Lessons from the 1919 General Strike. By Whitney Kahn and Tony Wilsdon (Socialist Alternative, August 20, 2017). “It lasted a mere five days and ended in retreat, but it would have a lasting impression and legacy that would inspire many workers for decades to come.”
The US national steel strike, 1919 (Libcom.org, Juli 22, 2013). “This text has been excerpted from Jeremy Brecher’s excellent book, Strike! (1972) and very slightly edited to make sense as a stand-alone text by Libcom.org … Jeremy Brecher’s history and analysis of the huge strike across the steel industry in 1919, which was defeated by a combination of massive repression and undermining by the unions.”
Seattle: The 1919 General Strike. By Darrin Hoop (International Socialist Review, Issue 84, June 2012). Review of Harvey O’Connor, Revolution in Seattle: A Memoir (Haymarket Books, 2009, 300 p.). “First published by Monthly Review Press in 1964 in the ferment of a new generation of radicals, this gripping account of working-class solidarity and union power in the Pacific Northwest went out of print and was republished by Haymarket Books in 2009.”
The Seattle general strike of 1919 (Libcom.org, December 21, 2009). “The detailed official history of the strike, in which the city was taken over by the workers, by the History Committee of the General Strike Committee, March 1919 with a preface from Root and Branch in 1972.”
See also:
1919: the year the world was on fire. By Steve Fraser (Jacobin, 13 January 2019). “One hundred years ago was a time of revolution. Emma Goldman, John Reed, and Bill Haywood were at the center of it all.”
19.-22. februar 1919
Første Pan-African Congress, PAC, afholdes samtidig med Versailles-konferencen, arrangeret bl.a. af afro-amerikanske W.E.B. Du Bois. I alt afholdtes 5 kongresser i den oprindelige bevægelse 1919-1945.
A session of the Pan-African Congress, Paris, February 19-22, 1919. W.E.B. Du Bois er markeret med nr. 4. Image from “Crisis, A Record of the Darker Races” (Vol. 18, No. 1, May 1919). Date: 19 February 1919. Photo: Unknown. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Vi må genoplive den revolutionære ånd. Af Kehinde Andrews (Information.dk, 21. oktober 2015). “70-året for den afgørende femte Panafrikanske Kongres i denne uge er en oplagt mulighed for at gentænke nogle af de revolutionære idealer, som fortiden så brutalt tog livet af.”
Pan-Africanism and Communism (Review of African Political Economy, 26 January 2017). “In a major interview Hakim Adi discusses his research, activism and politics. Adi has spent years researching the African diaspora, Pan-Africanism and communism in the 20th century.” See another interview with Hakim Adi (with the same title!) (Salvage, March 2, 2018) + Ken Olende: The Comintern and the African Atlantic (International Socialism, Issue 145, Winter 2015). Review of Hakim Adi, Pan-Africanism and Communism: The Communist International, Africa and the Diaspora, 1919-1939 (Africa World Press, 2013, 445 p.).
Planning the end of Europe’s empires. By Ken Olende (Socialist Worker, Issue 2475, 13 October 2015). “In 1945 Pan-African nationalists met in Manchester to debate the fight against racism and imperialism.”
The Pan-African Congress in black and white. By Nana Yaa Mensah (New Statesman, 7 August 2015). “Photographs of the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester tell a complex tale of postwar black independence movements.”
Reflections on Pan-Africanism, Part I-II. By C.L.R. James (Marxists Internet Archive). Transcript of speech given on November 20-21, 1973.
Venstrealternativet i det 20. århundrede: Dramaet om ideer og personlige historier i anledning af 100 året for Komintern (pdf). Konferencerapport af Kim Frederichsen, Jesper Jørgensen og Torkil Sørensen (Arbejderhistorie, nr 2, 2019, s.169-174).
Tidslinjen: 22. maj 1943, om Kominterns opløsning.
10. marts 1919
Den polsk-tyske revolutionær (og kortvarigt formand for Tysklands Kommunistiske Parti, KPD, Leo Jogiches myrdes i Berlin i politiets varetægt.
(Født i Vilnius, nuv. Lithuen, 17. juli 1867, se denne dato )
21. marts 1919
Udråbelsen af Sovjetrepublikken i Ungarn under ledelse af Bela Kun. (Rådsrepublikken varer til 1. august 1919). Kommissær for kultur var György Lukács (se Tidslinjen 4. juni 1971).
Béla Kun, leader of the 1919 Hungarian Revolution. Photo: Hungarian photographer. Public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Béla Kun och revolutionen i Ungern 1919 (pdf). Av Per Leander (Marxistarkiv.se, 17. januar 2022). “Om den misslyckade revolutionen i Ungern efter första världskriget.”
Painting Budapest Red. By Bob Dent (Jacobin, March 31, 2019). “In March 1919, Hungary saw the creation of a short-lived revolutionary state. We look at the significance of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, and its attempted transformation of art and culture.”
Hungary 1919: 133 days of workers’ rule. By John Cunningham (Workers’ Liberty, 12 August 2004). “For a few months in early 1919 a workers’ government ruled in Hungary.”
The Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919: the forgotten revolution. By Alan Woods (In Defence of Marxism, 12 November 1979). “On March 21st, 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. On the 1st of August, 133 days later, this heroic chapter in the history of the Hungarian working class was brought to a close with the entry of the White Rumanian army into Budapest.”
1918: The Hungarian Revolution (Libcom.org, 3 September, 2006). “The history of the revolution which brought down the monarch and saw workers’ and peasants’ councils spring up across the country, only to be betrayed by its social democratic and Communist ‘leadership’.”
10. april 1919
Den revolutionær mexicanske bondeleder Emiliano Zapata myrdes.
Amritsar-massakren i Indien, hvor den britiske general Dyer gav ordre til at beskyde en folkemængde på 20.000, med op til 1.000 døde.
Scene fra Richard Attenborough’s film “Gandhi” (1983) (YouTube, 7:15 min.). Jallianwala Bagh massacren.
Se:
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (Wikipedia.org). Engelsk leksikal artikel med links til norsk og svensk m.m.
State terrorism and the British Empire: The Amritsar Massacre, 1919 (Counterfire, April 12, 2019). “Marking the centenary of one of the most grotesque atrocities in the history of British imperialism, John Westmoreland revisits the Amritsar Massacre.”
Amritsar—A very British massacre (Socialist Worker, Issue 2649, 9 April 2019). “Hundreds killed, thousands injured and bodies piled on top of each other. Socialist Worker tells the story of one of the bloodiest crimes committed by the British Empire in India.”
100 years ago: British massacre hundreds in Punjab (World Socialist Web Site, 8 April 2019). “The massacre was horrific. The crowd was not ordered to disperse, and Colonel Dyer’s troops fired without warning.” Scroll down.
Jallianwala Bagh revisited. By Praveen Swami (Frontline, Vol.14, No.22, November 1-14, 1997). “A look at the actual history of one of the most shocking events of the independence struggle.”
O’Dwyer, the butcher of Amritsar, meets his fate in London. By Sherman Stanley (Socialist Appeal, Vol. IV No. 12, 23 March 1940). “Last week a young Sikh student interrupted a meeting … to put two bullets in the heart of Sir Michael O’Dwyer, former Governor General of India’s province of the Punjab.”
Den bayerske rådsrepublik bliver militært nedkæmpet af den tyske centralregering.
I tiden efter bliver bla. Eugen Levine dødsdømt og henrettet (se Tidslinjen 10. maj 1883).
When the Communists ruled in Bavaria. By Florian Keller (In Defence of Marxism, No.34, 2021, p.22-30; online at Marxist.com). “In the spring of 1919, the working class succeeded in seizing power and declaring a Bavarian Soviet Republic. In its short, heroic lifetime, the republic had to fight not only against open counter-revolution, but also against the results of its own inexperience.”
The Bavarian Soviet Republics of 1919. By Barrie Hardy (Workers’ Liberty , 16 July 2019). Review of Volker Weidermann, Dreamers – When The Writers Took Power (Pushkin, 2019, 256 p.). “Dreamers does provide a vivid and highly readable account of the Munich events, which are generally overshadowed by the Spartacist rising in Berlin.”
Conciliation and insurrection in Bavaria 1918-19. Part 1 (Cosmonaut, September 23, 2018). “What political lessons can be learned from the failed Bavarian Soviet Republic? Alexander Gallus takes a deep dive into the history of this famous moment from the German workers’ movement and aims to draw contemporary lessons for revolutionary Marxist politics.”
See also Part 2: Insurrection and defeat in Bavaria (October 22, 2018).
“The Bavarian Soviet Republic”. Chapter 7 in Chris Harman: The Lost Revolution: Germany 1918-1923 (Bookmarks, 1982, p.125-143)
Se også:
The Workers’ Council Movement in Western Europe. By Donny Gluckstein (International Socialism, Issue 18, Winter 1983, p.1-29; online at Marxist’s Internet Archive). Chapter: “Germany” (p.18-22).
“8 timers arbejde, 8 timers frihed, 8 timers hvile” var fagbevægelsens slagord i mange år. Det lykkedes først i 1920 at få den daglige arbejdstid ned på 8 timer. Man arbejdede også om lørdagen dengang, så arbejdstiden kom ned på 48 timer om ugen. I dag er arbejdstiden kommet ned på 37 timer om ugen, og man har fri om lørdagen. ABA/Arbejdermuseet.
17. maj 1919
8-timers arbejdsdagen aftales ved overenskomsten, med virkning – og undtagelser – fra 1. januar 1920.
Weekendbevægelsen og den otte timers arbejdsdag: kampen for den engelske uge (Konfront.dk, 7. juni 2019). “Tusinder af arbejdere nedlagde arbejdet hver lørdag i 6 måneder for at kræve en forkortet arbejdsdag.”
Plakathistorie: 8-Timers-Arbejdsdagen… fastsat ved Lov? Af Dorte Ellesøe (SFAH, 2019). “Den hidtil eneste kendte plakat fra den første 1. maj-demonstration i 1890 lignede det opråb, som avisen Social-Demokraten bragte på forsiden denne torsdag morgen.”
De tog – De fik – De Otte Timer (pdf). Af Poul Vitus Nielsen (Årbog for arbejderbevægelsens historie, nr. 22, 1992, side 263-314). “Arbejdsgivere og arbejdere, socialdemokrater og syndikalister i kampen om 8 timers arbejdsdagen.”
Første maj og ottetimers-dagen (pdf). Af Morten Thing. I: 1. maj 1890: et dokumentarium. Red. Flemming Hemmersam og Morten Thing (Selskabet til Arbejderbevægelsens Historie, 1990, side 273-283; online på RUC) (SFAH Skriftserie, 22).
1. maj demonstration i 1900. Efter beslutninger på en international kongres i 1889 om at fejre 1. maj som international kamp- og festdag måtte de danske arbejdere under trussel om afskedigelse i de første år holde demonstrationen på den nærmeste søndag. Men fra slutningen af 1890’erne accepterede arbejdskøberne, at arbejderne kunne få fri på selve dagen. De 3 otte-taller symboliserer kampen for 8 timer arbejde, fritid og hvile. ABA.
Arbejdernes Landsbank åbner:”Den 3. juni 1919 åbnede Arbejdernes Landsbank. Socialdemokratiet, fagforeningerne og de kooperativer virksomheder var på det tidspunkt kommet i besiddelse af store likvide midler, der primært var øremærkede til faglige kampe.
Det var en torn i øjet på bevægelsens topfolk, at disse midler var placeret i private banker, som derfor havde en fremragende mulighed for at følge med i arbejderbevægelsens økonomiske situation. Man havde derfor længe diskuteret muligheden af at starte en arbejderbank.
Socialdemokratiets leder Th. Stauning var en stærk tilhænger af ideen, men mange i fagbevægelsen var skeptiske. De frygtede, at der ikke ville være tilstrækkeligt med likvide midler til en arbejdskonflikt, og hvor skulle startkapitalen komme fra? Det ville være nødvendigt med en startkapital af en anselig størrelse.
Det lykkedes dog at skaffe pengene, så Arbejdernes Landsbank kunne slå dørene op i juni 1919.” (Text: SFAHs julekalender 2022).
Historie: En bank bli’r til … Af Claus Hagen Petersen (Al-bank.dk). “Bankens historie er skrevet i forbindelse med bankens 75-års jubilæum 3. juni 1994.”
28. juni 1919
Versailles-traktaten underskrives af Første Verdenskrigs sejrherrer, og dikterer Tysklands fredsbetingelser.
Den italienske forfatter Primo Levi fødes i Torino (dør 11. april 1987 i Torino).
Primo Levi sitting at the desk while reading with a cigarette in his hand – shelves with books in the background, circa 1960. Photo: Anonymous. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Primo Levi (Bibliografi.dk: international forfatterbibliografi)
Auschwitz har for altid har ændret betingelserne for at være menneske i Europa (Atlas, 30. marts 2019). I anledning af teaterforestilling i Husets Teater (30.3.-20.5.2019): “Primo Levis voldsomme tekst er en man kan konfrontere sig med, snarere end én man kan læse, skriver Jens Albinus om sit arbejde med ‘Hvis dette er et menneske’.” Se anmeldelse af Klaus Rothstein: I som lever i sikkerhed… (Weekendavisen, 12. april 2013; online på Rothstein.dk) + anmeldelse af Morten Ranum: Hvad er et menneske? (Solidaritet.dk, 24. april 2019).
Hvis dette er et menneske. Af Morten Thing (Giraffen, nr. 10, maj 1993, s. 10-11). Om Primo Levis forfatterskab, der bygger på erfaringerne fra hans tid i udryddelseslejren i Auschwitz, hvor han var fra december 1943 til afslutningen af krigen. Indskannet tekst på Socialistisk Bibliotek.
Den mystificerede slutning. Af Georg Metz (Information.dk, 5. juni 2002). Anmeldelse af Carole Angier: The Double Bond: Primo Levi – A Biography (Viking, 2002, 898 p.). “For ihærdige læsere af Levi kan man ikke komme uden om denne bog. Det er biografien.”
Articles in English:
Revisiting the life and intellectual legacy of Primo Levi. By Enzo Traverso (Jacobin, April 11, 2021). “The author, anti-fascist partisan, and Nazi death camp survivor Primo Levi died on this day in 1987. His life and the cautious Enlightenment ideology he advanced in his work, Enzo Traverso writes, told the story of the twentieth century and its battles.”
Primo Levi and the unquenchable human spirit. By Henry Maitles (Socialist Worker, Issue 2045, 7 April 2007). “Primo Levi, who gave us some of the strongest eyewitness accounts of the Holocaust, died 20 years ago. Henry Maitles looks at his work.”
Writers reviewed: Primo Levi. By Paul O’Brien (Socialist Review, Issue 204, January 1997; online at Internet Archive). “The two books which he wrote in 1947, If This is a Man and The Truce … are now regarded as classics.”
Cutting the wire: a critical appraisal of Primo Levi (International Socialism, No. 59, Summer 1993, p.97-106).(p.t. ikke online*) By Henry Maitles ..”sensitive account of Levi’s life and works looks at the interaction between his art and his experience as a concentration camp victim.” * under construction: Marxists Internet Archive (June 2021).
A man saved by his skills. By Philip Roth (New York Times, October 12, 1986; online at Internet Archive). Also published as “A conversation with Primo Levi”. In: Survival In Auschwitz – The Nazi Assault on Humanity (“Originally … title: “If This Is a Man”). By Primo Levi (Simon and Schuster, 1996, p.175-187).
Bogomslag til italienske udgaver af Primo Levi-bøger om KZ-lejre, «Trilogía de Auschwitz». Design: Lucrecia Demaestri/Planeta Arte & Diseño. Illustration: Adrià Fruitós.
Litteratur af Primo Levi på dansk:
Vidnesbyrd (Rosinante, 2009, 522 s.)
Samtaler og interview 1963-1987 (Forum, 2003, 329 s.)
Natteheksen Lilit og andre beretninger (Forum, 1994, 156 s.)
De druknede og de frelste (Forum, 1992, 167 s.)
Tøbruddet (Forum, 1991, 197 s.)
Hvis dette er et menneske (Forum, 1989, 201 s.)
Det periodiske system: 21 historier om kemi og mennesker (Forum, 1987, 221 s.)
Den amerikanske venstrefløjsaktivist og skribent om race/klasse, Theodore W.(William) Allen, fødes i Indianaplis, Indiana. (Dør i Brooklyn, New York, 19. januar 2005, se denne)
31. august 1919
Regnes for fødselsdagen for USA’s kommunistiske parti: Communist Labor Party of America (CLP) afholder kongres 31.8.-5.9. i Chicago, da de taber kampen i Socialist Party of America (SPA).
Communist Party of America (CPA) (“old” Communist Party) afholder stiftende kongres i samme by den 1. september 1919.
15. maj 1921 forenes de i The Communist Party of America, Section of the Communist International (a.k.a. “unified CPA”).
Communist Party, USA (Encyclopedia of the American Left, ed. by Paul Buhle and Dan Georgakas, University of Illinois Press, 1992; online at Marxists Internet Archive).
The Communist (1919-1921) (Marxists Internet Archive). “An American radical newspaper, the official voice of the nascent American communist movement.”
Articles:
The Communist Party helped shape US history. By Daniel Colligan (Jacobin, September 16, 2024). Review of Maurice Isserman, Reds: The Tragedy of American Communism by Maurice Isserman (Basic Books, 2024, 384 p.). “A new book tells the story of American communism as an integral part of 20th-century US history, with Communists ‘as social critics and agents of much-needed social change’.”
The Romance of American Communism. By Alan Wald (International Viewpoint, 29 June 2020). Review Vivian Gornick’s book (Verso, 2020, 288 p.). “[A] collective oral history of mostly middle-aged former members of the CPUSA, rereleased by Verso with a new introduction by the author.” See also review by Laura Tanebaum: The humanity of American Communism (Jacobin, May 20, 2020) + review by John Newsinger (Socialist Review, Issue 456, April 2020) + review by Hannah Proctor (Jacobin, April 10, 2020) + interview with Vivian Gornick (Jacobin, July 25, 2020).
100 years of U.S. Communism. By Alan Wald (Against the Current, Issue 204, January-February 2020). “Nonetheless, certain achievements of the CP-USA remain a reservoir of hope that nourishes us to meet the daunting challenges of the Trump era. At its 100th anniversary, there may be more to praise than bury.”
How the Russian Revolution reshaped the U.S. socialist movement. By Todd Chretien (Marxist Essays and Commentary, November 8, 2017). “This essay challenges the notion that Bolshevik influence in the United States constituted ‘foreign interference’, as liberals and conservatives at the time and after contended.”
The Popular Front didn’t work. By Charlie Post (Jacobin, 17 October 2017). “The Communist Party’s 1930s popular front strategy weakened the labor movement and empowered the Democratic Party.”
Rethinking the historiography of United States Communism (pdf). By Bryan D. Palmer (American Communist History, Vol.2, No.2, 2003, p.139-173). “The history of America’s revolutionary left, in its origins and in the uneasyformative years of Communism’s US birth, can not be understood, I suggest,without attention to the ways in which it was transformed by Stalinism in the 1920s.”
Revising the history of cold war liberals. By Julius Jacobson (New Politics, Vol.7, No.4, Winter 2000; online at Internet Archive). “… those revisionist historians who fantasize about a Communist Party that never was.”
The Soviet Union is dead: The ‘Russian Question’ remains. Part I: The Communist past – myth & reality. By Julius Jacobson (New Politics, Vol.5, No.2, Winter 1995, p.125-167; online at Internet Archive). “The Russian Question loomed so large in our political (and personal) lives precisely because, among other reasons, it did relate to building and advancing progressive and radical causes in the U.S.”
Communism in the heart of the beast. By Lee Sustar (International Socialism, Issue 68, Autumn 1995, p.81-92). Review of Michael E Brown, Randy Martin, Frank Rosengarten and George Snedeker (eds), New Studies in the Politics and Culture of US Communism (Monthly Review Press, 1993). “This collection of new CP historians and others is a strong challenge to the liberal anti-Communist historians of the CP. But the usefulness of the book is that it highlights a much more important debate within the US left over the CP.”
The first days of American Communism. By James P. Cannon (Fourth International, February 1944). “Reprinted below is the first chapter of James P. Cannon’s new book The History of American Trotskyism, scheduled for early spring publication by Pioneer Publishers.”
Books:
The Roots of American Communism. By Theodore Draper (Transaction Publisher, 2003, 498 p.; online at Libcom.org). First edition 1957. “It’s an important book, well-written, fully documented and objective.” See also:
What was great about Theodore Draper and what was not (American Communist History, Vol.8, No.1, 2009; online at Libcom.org). “An article by Bryan D. Palmer about the different camps of viewing the American Communist Party’s history.”
The Roots of American Communism. By James P. Cannon (International Socialist Review, Vol.18, No.3, Summer 1957, p.96-100; online at Marxists Internet Archive). Review of Theodore Draper’s book (Viking Press, 1957) + American Communism and Soviet Russia (International Socialist Review, Vol.22, No.1, Winter 1961). Review of Theodore Draper’s book (Viking Press, 1960).
Letters to a historian (1954–1956). By James P. Cannon (Marxists Internet Archive). “These articles from the magazines Fourth International and International Socialist Review are based on letters Cannon wrote to Theodore Draper who was then researching his two-volume series on the history of the US Communist Party.”
American Communism and Anticommunism: A historian’s bibliography and guide to the literature. Compiled and edited by John Earl Haynes, last revised 18 February 2009 (John Earl Heynes Historical Writings).
September 1919
udgiver de senere DKPere Ernet Christinsen og Johs Erwig pjecen “Striden i Socialdemokratiet (september 1919)(Online på Leksikon.org). : “.. der kun er een Arbejderklasse, bør der ogsaa kun være eet socialdemokratisk Parti. Men Forudsætningen herfor maa være den ufravigelige, at Partiet helt stiller sig paa den socialistiske Klassekamps Grund. At forlade denne er… «en Forbrydelse mod vort Parti, som derved vilde blive givet Splittelsen i Vold».. ocialdemokratiet maa da paany ledes ind paa Klassekampens Grund”..
22. oktober 1919
Den britiske forfatter Doris Lessing fødes i Kamanshah, Iran. Nobelpris 2007. Dør i London, 17. november 2013, se denne.
9. november 1919
Dannelsen af Venstresocialistisk Parti (VSP). DKP’s – Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti – officielle fødselsdag.
VSP/DKPs stifter og første formand, senere socialdemokratisk minister, Ernst Christiansen, her blandt ungsocialister i 1915 (24 år gammel) i Bern (stående, nr. 3 fra venstre). Kilde: Arbejdermuseet.
19. november 1919
Den italienske filminstruktør Gillo Pontecorvo fødes (dør 12.10.2006), instruktør af filmen Slaget om Algier (La Battaglia di Algeri), 1966. And Queimada! / Burn! (1969)
The Italian director Gillo Pontecorvo on the set of Queimada (1969). Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Se:
Gillo Pontecorvo (Wikipedia.org). With bibliography and filmography.
A Marxist poet: the legacy of Gillo Pontecorvo. By Alexander Billet (MR Online, 19 October 2006). “Despite completing only a small handful films during his fifty-year career, his unique voice and uncompromising politics have made a lasting impression that resonates throughout the world of cinema.”
‘Stay close to reality’. By Maria Esposito (World Socialist Web Site, 9 June 2004). Interview with Gillo Pontecorvo.
100 years of the Communist Youth International. By Nathaniel Flakin (Left Voice, November 20, 2019). “[The] organizations played a leading role in the resistance against World War One, fighting against both bourgeois governments and their own party’s reformist leaders.”
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