Mahatma Gandhi with Lord and Lady Mountbatten, 1947. Se om Indiens selvstændighed 15. august 1947 nedenfor. Photo: No 9 Army Film & Photographic Unit, British Government. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Socialistisk Biblioteks Tidslinje med links til begivenheder og personer i 1947.
Den britiske rocksanger og skuespiller David Bowie fødes i Brixton, London (dør på Manhattan i New York, USA, 10. januar 2016, se denne)
17. januar 1947
Venstrefløjs- og højrefløjspolitikeren, journalisten Karen Jespersen fødes, fremtrædende i den tidlige rødstrømpebevægelse, medlem af VS, SF og minister for både Socialdemokratiet og Venstre. Udgiver sammen med ægtefællen Ralf Pittelkow den indvandrerfjendske/anti-islamiske blog Den Korte Avis.
Leksikalt:
Karen Jespersen (Leksikon.org). “… bevægede sig gennem sin politiske karriere fra den yderste venstrefløj til den yderste højrefløj …”
Litteratur:
– Engang i Havanna: roman. Af Björn Afzelius (Per Kofod, 1993, 334 sider).
30. januar 1947
Den irske arbejderleder James Larkin (National Union of Dock Labourers) dør. (Født 21. januar 1876). Strejkeleder under Belfast-strejken 1907 og Dublin-strejken 1913 (se links nedenfor).
Statue by Oisin Kelly of the Irish Labour leader James “Big Jim” Larkin, located on O’Connell Street in Dublin, Ireland. Photo taken by a wikipedia contributor Maclyn611 and uploaded on 27 July 2004. (CC BY-SA 3.0). Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Jim Larkin: Labor prophet. By Ronan Burtenshaw (Jacobin, April 15, 2024). “Irish labor leader Jim Larkin’s combination of Christian faith and socialist zeal electrified the working class — and threatened to tear down the established order.”
The righteous Jim Larkin turns 150. By Ronan Burtenshaw (Jacobin, January 30, 2024). “The Irish socialist and labor leader Jim Larkin, born 150 years ago this week, was an evangelist for the workers’ movement who preached a divine mission of discontent — and sought a final reckoning with the capitalist class.”
Jim Larkin was one of the great leaders of the radical workers’ movement. By Mike Milotte (Jacobin, April 30, 2023). “From Ireland to the US, Jim Larkin helped organize some of the key labor struggles and movements of his day. Larkin also tried to build an Irish communist party, but his independent spirit clashed with a heavy-handed bureaucratic line from Moscow and London.”
The Great Agitator. By James T. Farrell (Jacobin, January 30, 2017). “James Larkin, hero of the 1913 Dublin Lockout, died seventy years ago today.”
Militant Dubliners. By Kieran Allen (International Socialism, Issue 106, Spring 2005). Review of John Newsinger, Rebel City: Larkin, Connolly and the Dublin Labour Movement (Merlin Press, 2004, 182 p.). “The tradition of Larkinism””as militant syndicalism came to be known””is also dismissed by Irish union leaders today.”
Jim Larkin, Syndicalism and the 1913 Dublin Lockout. By John Newsinger (International Socialism, Issue 25, Autumn 1984, p.3–36; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “Larkin’s great strength was his ability to articulate, indeed shout out his members’ bitterness and anger, their hopes and longings.”
Jim Larkin comes to the United States (Arguments for a Workers’ Republic; online at Internet Archive). Extract from Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, The Rebel Girl (International Publishers, 1979). “He was a magnificent orator and an agitator without equal.”
The Catholic Communist (Arguments for a Workers’ Republic; online at Internet Archive). Chapter from Bertram D. Wolfe, Strange Communists I Have Known (George, Allen & Unwin, 1966). “An Irish Nationalist to the core of his being, he was at the same time a revolutionary socialist and internationalist [and] a devout Catholic, a true son of his Church …”
Lest we forget: Jim Larkin, Irish Labor leader. By James T. Farrell (New International, Vol.13, No.3, March 1947; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “… he was one of the outstanding leaders of the Irish working class in the early years of this century.”
Tidslinjen: 26. juni 1907, om den irske Belfast-strejke.
18. april 1947
Bibliotekspioner og Frihedsrådets gesant i Moskva mv. Thomas Døssing dør (født 6. juni 1882, se dette).
17. april 1947
De fire fotografer, Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson, grundlægger fotokooperativet MAGNUM i Paris.
Fotograferne Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson George Rodger og David “Chim” Seymour, mfl. grundlægger I Paris fotokooperativet MAGNUM. I alt var 7 stk. med fra starten, heraf 2 kvinder.
Kun en dansk fotograf har været aktiv medlem (Jacob Aue Sobol, prøvemedlemsskab fra 2007). Se præsentationen på sitet MagnumPhto: Jacob Aue Sobol.
En kvinne i gutteklubben. Af Pinar Cifci (Ny Tid, 1. oktober 2019). Anmeldelse af Linda Gordon Magnum: Inge Morath: An Illustrated Biography (Magnum Foundation, 2018, 192 p.). “Inge Morath var en av 1950-årenes få kvinnelige fotografer som fikk medlemskap i det mannsdominerte Magnum Photos … The late playwright Arthur Miller, speaking of his wife Inge Morath, said ‘She made poetry out of people and their places over half a century’.”
Sophie Alberti dør. Født 19. september1846 !! (‘en myndig’) forperson for Kvindeligt Læseselskab 1891-1929..”et velbesøgt opholdssted og frirum for det kvindelige publikum.”
Se:
Sophie Alberti (Gravsted.dk) hvori også broren er bisat).
Se også Socialister på Assistens Kirkeård/Andre bemærkelsesværdige
25. juni 1947
Første udgave (på hollandsk) af Anna Franks Dagbog: Het Achterhuis: Dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 – 1 Augustus 1944 (Dansk udgave: En ung piges dagbog. Af Anna Frank. Grafisk Forlag, 1953, 255 sider)
[Datoen er formodet udgivelsesdag, da udgiveren, faderen Otto Frank, skriver i sin lommebog: BOOK. (Kilde: Anne Frank Museet)]
Anne fik dagbogen med rødternet omslag til sin 13-års fødselsdag 12. juni 1942. Med senere andre hefter, notater, løse sider osv.
Litteratur: Anne Franks Dagbog. Den uforkortede originaludgave. Optegnelser fra Baghuset 12. juni 1942 – 1.ugust 1944.
Anne Frank (Wikipedia.org). Større engelsk med mange links.
Artikler/articles:
Anne Frank advarer nutiden. Af Leon Nikulin (Information.dk, 11. juni 2009). “I anledning af Anne Franks 80-årsdag, en kronik, hvis formål er at sammenligne med jødiske piger ‘i Sovjetkommunismens iskolde gulag-lejre’.”
#Anne Frank Parallel Stories: The young victim of the Nazis. By Joanne Laurier
(World Socialist Web Site, 18 July 2020). “… is a documentary streaming on Netflix that retraces the life of Anne Frank, as well as five living women who survived the Nazi concentration camps in World War II.”
The death of Miep Gies (February 15, 1909-January 10, 2010). By Sybille Fuchs (World Socialist Web Site, 15 January 2010). “Protected Anne Frank from the Nazis.”
Litteratur:
Anne Franks dagbog: den uforkortede originaludgave: optegnelser fra baghuset 12. juni 1942-1. august 1944. Af Anne Frank. 4. reviderede [uforkortede] udgave (Aschehoug, 2006, 371 sider).
Dramaet om Anne Frank fortsætter. Af Hans Hertel (Politiken.dk, 5.1.2006). Om baggrunden for 4. udgaven. Kun online for abonnenter.
Anne Franks verden. Af Mia Bülow-Olsen og Sten Larsen (Maaholm, 2004, 144 sider). Om jødernes forhold i Tyskland og Holland i tiden op til og under 2. verdenskrig. Sideløbende fortælles om Anne Frank og hendes familie.
Roser på jorden: en biografi om Anne Frank. Af Carol Ann Lee (Rosinante, 1999, 311 sider), Ved hjælp af breve og andre hidtil upublicerede dokumenter fortælles historien om Anne Franks (1929-1945) og hendes families liv og skæbne under 2. verdenskrig. Ligeledes beskrives hændelserne efter den berømte dagbog.
Anne Frank: historien bag dagbogen. Af Ruud van der Rol/Anne Frank Stiftelsen (Høst, 1995, 63 sider). Historisk gennemgang af Anne Franks (1929-1945) liv.
Jeg husker Anne Frank: historien om kvinden som hjalp med til at skjule familien Frank. Af Miep Gies (Gyldendal, 1987, 210 sider). Om Miep Gies (f. 1909) og hendes indsats for Anne Frank (1929-1945) og hendes familie i de to år, de var gået under jorden i Amsterdam.
Anne Frank:The Anne Frank House Authorized Graphic Biography. By Sid Jacobson & Ernie Colón (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010, 160 p.)
Labour and its Indian independence myth. By John Newsinger (Socialist Worker, Issue 2915, 20 July 2024). “Massive pressure from Indians, not Labour’s internationalism, won independence fight.”
Did India really win its independence through non-violence? By Pierre Rousset (International Viewpont, Issue 584, September 2023). “Was independence, the liberation from British colonial rule in 1947, effectively won through the civil disobedience movement embodied by Gandhi? We put this question to Sushovan Dhar, a political activist and trade unionist.”
Indian independence: a revolution lost. By Jamal Singh (In Defense of Marxism, 14 September 2017). “In this article we summarise British rule in India and examine the main and most influential political characters, which eventually led to India being broken up …”
How the dying British Empire tore India in half — and how it could have been stopped (Socialist Worker, Issue 2567, 13 August 2017). “Seventy years ago this week the British Empire left India after decades of brutal rule.”
Empire and partition: the violent end of the British Raj. By Sean Ledwith (Counterfire, August 13, 2017). “Contrary to the rose-tinted view of decolonisation, the end of British rule in India was marked by blunder and duplicity.”
India and Pakistan: Traumatic partition and the elusive independence. By Lal Khan (In Defence of Marxism, 14 August 2015). “This independence came about in the midst of a traumatic partition of the Subcontinent into two truncated states, Pakistan and India, accompanied by a communal holocaust. A frenzy of madness and a ferocious campaign of murder were unleashed on a religious and ethnic basis.”
Britain and India: dividing to rule. By Anindya Bhattacharyya (Socialist Worker, Issue 2063, 8 August 2007). “The policies of independence leaders and their colonial masters led to the tragic division of India following the end of British rule.”
The great partition. By Barry Pavier (Socialist Review, Issue 317, 1 September 2007). Review of Yasmin Khan, The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan (Yale University Press, 2007, 250 p.). “This is probably the best book going on the partition of the British Indian Empire.”
How Britain lost India (Socialist Worker [UK], Issue 1939, 19 February 2005). “Simon Basketter looks at the fight for Indian independence.”
India: imperialism, partition and resistance. By Sam Ashman (International Socialism, Issue 77, Winter 1997, p.81-102). “The end of the empire in India was a massive blow to British imperialism. Yet as Britain withdrew, it divided the subcontinent between India and the supposedly ‘Muslim’ state of Pakistan. The convulsions of partition saw Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs slaughter one another on an unprecedented scale.”
The transfer of power: real or formal? By Suniti Kumar Ghosh (Aspects of India’s Economy, No. 43, July 2007; online at Internet Archive). “It is held as an axiomatic truth that India became an independent, sovereign state from 15 August 1947 when the British imperialists transferred power to Indian hands. Do facts bear out what is generally supposed to be true?”
The partition of India and the Indian bourgeoisie (Workers’ Liberty, 23 August 2017). “This article from 1947, by Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) Trotskyist Colin De Silva, discusses the stance on partition by the main bourgeois political groups in India — the Congress Party and the Muslim League.”
Se også:
The ‘New’ India. By Pranab Bardhan (New Left Review, Issue 136, July-August 2022). “Powerful critique of the skewed political economy of Modi’s India, where a puny state—corollary of a vast informal economy—is penetrated through and through by politically connected vested interests, while major obstacles to the country’s development—creaking infrastructure, poor healthcare and education—go unattended.”
Polarisation, repression and resistance in Modi’s India. By Toni Asad (International Socialism, Issue 167, Summer 2020). “This article deals with the emergence of the BJP, the nature of its offensive since 2019 and the bases of resistance to Modi. It will also seek to explain the relationship between the BJP and classical fascism, and in the process draw some conclusions and point to ways forward for the left.”
India’s 2019 general election and the deepening of fascistic tendencies. By Raju J Das (International Socialism, Issue 164, Autumn 2019, p.67-89). “The story of the Indian election reveals many interesting aspects of the country’s contemporary political economy, including a definitive turn to the right, and indeed, to what I call fascistic tendencies, if not fascism as such.”
The legacy of Maoism in India. By Samantha Agarwal (International Socialist Review, Issue 112, Spring 2019). Review of Bernard D’Mello, India After Naxalbari: Unfinished History (Monthly Review Press, 2018, 384 p.). “D’Mello’s tour de force is both a history of modern India and its ‘rotten liberal democracy’, including the left’s challenge to it, and a fine-grained look at India’s Maoist movement. It combines a sharp historical account with critical analysis, along with some original theoretical insights.” See also review by Susan Ram (Counterfire, November 1, 2019).
India’s two hegemonies. By Achin Vanaik (New Left Review, Issue 112, July-August 2018). “How to grasp what’s new in the rule of right-wing strongmen like India’s Narendra Modi? Systematic comparison of the predominance of today’s BJP with that of the Congress Party under Nehru and his descendants.”
India’s working class and its prospects. Part 1 (Aspects of India’s Economy, No.70-71, April 2018) + Part 2 (ibid., No.72-73, May 2018). “The collection covers a range of subjects: the specific features of the Indian working class, in the light of Marx’s theory; the conditions that lead to bondage and migration of workers from Odisha to the brick kilns of Telangana …”
Inglorious Empire: What the British did to India. By Gideon Polya (Countercurrents, September 8, 2017). Review article of Shashi Tharoor’s book (Hurst & Company, 2017, 288 p.). “Inglorious Empire is an important and timely book that sets out the 2-century atrocity that was British subjugation of India.”
India yesterday: development and revolution (1) + India today (2) + The struggle for India’s future (3). By Paul Le Blanc (Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, November 2015). “… we will touch on the dynamics of how history ‘works’, the strategic dynamics of revolutionary struggle, and the impact of capitalism in both advancing and thwarting liberation struggles – all of which have implications going far beyond Indian specifics …”
The myths of Indian nationalism. By Nagesh Rao (International Socialist Review, Issue 94, Fall 2014). Review of Perry Anderson, The Indian Ideology (Verso, 2013, 192 p.). “… this is a provocative book that deftly cuts through the mythologies of Indian nationalism.”
India and Pakistan: Trapped in the duplicitous history of the two ruling classes. By Lal Khan (In Defence of Marxism, 17 June 2014). “The roots of this reactionary political character of the rulers of the subcontinent lie in the historical and socio-economic evolution that this region has gone through in the last two centuries.”
Note towards a Marxist perception of Indian history (pdf). By Irfan Habib (The Marxist, Vol.26, No.4, October–December 2010, p.37-48; online at Internet Archive). “[The article is] concerned with the major findings of Marxist work done on Indian history so far, as well as with the problems that are being debated.”
The ironies of Indian Maoism (International Socialism, Issue 128, Autumn 2010). “In the following piece, the Indian Marxist scholar and activist Jairus Banaji offers a critical analysis of Indian Maoism …”
India today. By Barry Pavier (International Socialism, Issue 118, Spring 2008). Review of Niveditya Menon and Aditya Nigam, Power and Contestation: India Since 1989 (Zed Books, 2007, 240 p.). “This book, written by two academics who are also campaigners, offers the best survey of recent Indian history that I have seen.”
India after the elections: a rough guide. By Chris Harman (International Socialism, Issue 103, Summer 2004). “The BJP and the RSS will be licking their wounds in the months ahead. But does this mean that Congress will resume its once dominant political role, that India will enter a new era of political stability, and that the RSS and its front organisations are banished forever as a threat?” See also Chris Harman: The Hindutva and European fascism – some comparisons and some lessons (International Socialist Tendency, 2004).
Tidslinjen: 10. maj 1857, om det første indiske oprør mod kolonimagten.
Tidslinjen: 27. september 1907, om den indiske revolutionære Bhagat Sing.
Tidslinjen: 2. oktober 1869, om Mahatma Gandhi og kampen for uafhængighed.
31. august 1947
Den danske venstrefløjs-aktivist og mangeårige leder af Dansk Vietnamesisk Venskabsfrening, Wilfred Gluud, fødes på Frederiksberg. Dør på Nørrebro 25.november 2020, se denne dato for links).
5. oktober 1947
De statsbærende kommunistiske partier (+ de største vestlige) offentligør grundlæggelsen af Kommunistisk Information Bureau (Kominform) i Warszawa. 30. sep. holder Sjdanov den grundlæggende tale om “to-lejr-teorien”: Verdenssituationen efter Krigen
Første systematiske forfølgelse af progressive og venstreorienterede kunstnere i USA under den Kolde Krig, den såkaldte blacklistning starter, da Hollywood Ten/10 fra Hollywood bliver udelukket fra arbejde via medielederes såkaldte Walldorf-udtalelse.
The 1950s Hollywood blacklist was an assault on free expression. By Larry Ceplair (Jacobin, May 18, 2023). “As the writers’ strike continues, we should look back at the Hollywood blacklist. The blacklist didn’t just ruin many workers’ careers — it narrowed the range of acceptable movies and contributed to the conservatism of the 1950s.”
Hollywood on Trial: a timely reminder. By Charles Bogle (World Socialist Web Site, 10 December 2009). Review of Hollywood on Trial (1976), directed by Daniel Halpern, Jr.: “The documentary’s most valuable service is in dispelling the superficial and mistaken conception that the anti-communist hearings arose suddenly in conjunction with the post-World War II Cold War, and just as suddenly disappeared without leaving a trace.”
The anti-communist purge of the American film industry. By David Walsh (World Socialist Web Site, 4 February 2009). Review of Reynold Humphries, Hollywood’s Blacklists: A Political and Cultural History (Edinburgh University Press, 2008, 184 p.). “Reynold Humphries has written a valuable new account of the blacklisting of left-wing writers, actors, directors and producers in the American film industry in the late 1940s and early 1950s.”
The way they were: Hollywood, the blacklist, the cold war. By Peter Biskind (Jump Cut, No.1, 1974). ” Review of John Cogley, Reporting on Blacklisting (Arno Press, 1972/1956) + Eric Bentley, Thirty Years of Treason (Viking, 1972) + Stefan Kanfer, A Journal of the Plague Years (Atheneum, 1973).
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