Demonstration i Berlin mod Kapp-kuppet i marts 1920. Text: 1 million deltagere. NB kupmagerne hænger som papfigurer i lygtepælen. Foto: Ukendt / Scan by Ning-ning. Public Domain. Kilde: Wikimedia Commons.
Socialistisk Biblioteks Tidslinje med links til begivenheder og personer i 1920.
Telefonistindernes strejke begynder ved slaget tolv (midnat nytårsaften), og efter 6 ugers strejke får de ændret reglerne om, at de ikke måtte gifte sig og få børn uden at blive fyret.
I 1882 stiftede C.F. Tietgen Københavns Telefon-Selskab, som senere blev til Kjøbenhavns Telefon Aktieselskab – eller i daglig tale KTAS. Sammen med de øvrige regionale telefonselskaber blev det senere til TDC. Billede fra en Telefoncentral. Foto: ?. TDC. Kilde: TDC.
9. februar 1920
Den danske socialistiske filosof Herbert Iversen dør i New York (født i Nørre Nebel, 26. april 1890, se denne)
18. februar 1920
Journalisten og kulturskribenten Eric Danielsen fødes på Frederiksberg (dør 1. november 2008, se denne)
13. marts 1920
Kapp-kuppet i Tyskland bliver nedkæmpet med generalstrejke og kampe over hele Tyskland.
One hundred years since Germany’s Kapp Putsch: How the Social Democratic Party supported the far-right. By Peter Schwarz (World Socialist Web Site, 2 April 2020). “The Kapp Putsch was the result of a conspiracy that involved fascist groups, the Reichswehr and significant sections of the established parties.”
When workers’ councils defeated the far-Right coup in Germany. By Axel Weipert Jacobin, March 17, 2020). “On March 13, 1920, twelve million workers struck across Germany to block an attempted military coup. The successful resistance was organized by the workers’ councils — a form of grassroots democracy that allowed the masses to assert their own power.”
The Kapp Putsch: the united front in action. By Mick Brooks (In Defence of Marxism, 25 May 2010). “Ninety years ago, on the morning of 13th March 1920, a brigade of soldiers marched into Berlin and declared the German government of the Social Democrats to be overthrown.”
“The Kapp Putsch”. Chapter 18 in Pierre Broue: The German Revolution, 1917-1923 (pdf) (Brill, 2005, p.349-380; online at LibCom). Scroll down. “The putsch had lasted for no more than a hundred hours in all, and it was well and truly crushed by the response of the workers, and in the first place by their general strike.”
The Kapp Putsch. Chapter 4 in Rob Sewell: Germany: from revolution to counter-revolution (London, 1988, s.40-48). “The German KPD initially to advocate neutrality in such a struggle. Such ultra-leftism simply put up barriers between themselves, the social democratic workers and ordinary trade unionists.”
From Kapp to Munich: genesis of a strategy. Chapter 13 in Robert Black [i.e. Robin Blick]: Fascism in Germany: How Hitler Destroyed the World’s Most Powerful Labour Movement ( Steyne Publications, 1975; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “The Kapp Putsch, brief and ill-conceived though it was, marked a watershed in the history of Weimar Germany.”
The Kapp Putsch and the Ruhr Insurrection. Chapter 12 in Gilles Dauvé and Denis Authier: The Communist Left in Germany 1918-1921 (1976; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “The Kapp Putsch was an attempt on the part of reactionary elements in the Army to take the first steps towards building a strong right-wing government.”
The Kapp Putsch and the Working Class (Revolutionary History, Vol.5, No.2, Spring 1994). “We reproduce below some extracts translated by Mike Jones from Arthur Rosenberg’s classic account of the Weimar Republic, Geschichte der Weimarer Republik (EVA, 1961).
Se også:
Linkboxen Den tyske revolution 1918-23 (Socialistisk Bibliotek), incl. debat om bl.a. Kapp-kuppet: “Was the German revolution defeated January 1919?”
20. marts 1920
Første socialdemokratiske regering i Norden (Hjalmar Brantings i Sverige).
Kong Christian den X.’s (“den Sidste” i datidens socialistpresse) statskup, da han afskediger den radikale regering Zahle starter den såkaldte “Påskekrise”.
Kongekup og syndikalismens endeligt. Af Freddie Nielsen (Socialistisk Arbejdervis, nr. 387, 15. juni 2021, side 10) (Arbejderbevægelsens historie med revolutionære øjne, del 6). “… FS havde, i stedet for at forsøge at opbygge en enhedsfront ind i arbejderklassen, distanceret sig fra det store flertal af arbejderne …”
Påskekrisen: For 100 år siden reddede Stauning kongen. Af Jon Mathorne (Videnskab.dk, 29. marts 2020). “I disse dage er det 100 år siden, at en dansk konge smed regeringen på porten og fik landets arbejdere imod sig.”
Da radikalismen forsvandt fra gaden (Solidaritet.dk, 11. december 2019). “For godt 100 år siden udspillede Påskekrisen sig i Danmark. Der gik fem dage fra kongens statskup – til gadens parlament pakkede sammen og blev mundlamt. Edin Šumar tegner et portræt af begivenhederne.”
Kongen begår statskup (Arbejderen.dk, 5. maj, 2004). “‘Ned med Christian’, gjaldede det i Københavns gader og foran Amalienborg, da tusindvis af arbejdere demonstrerede i påsken 1920.”
Dansk påske efter 1. verdenskrig: de faglige storkampe 1920-1922 (pdf). Af Knud Knudsen (Årbog for arbejderbevægelsens historie, nr. 9, 1979, side 28-89). Om de 3 store arbejdskampe i påskerne 20-22, de faglige og politiske udviklinger under arbejdsgivernes offensiv.
Det kunne været gået anderledes. Af Esben Bøgh Sørensen (Solidaritet.dk, 14. december 2019). Anmeldelse af René Karpantschof: De stridbare danskere: efter enevælden og før demokratiet 1848-1920 (Gad, 2019, 544 s.). Se også anmeldelse af Alfred Lang (Autonom Infoservice, 21. marts 2020) + anmeldelse af Charlie Krautwald (Arbejderhistorie, nr.2, 2020, s.224-226) + replik fra René Karpantschof (Arbejderhistorie, nr.2, 2021, s.173-175) + Danmarkshistorien set fra neden (Konfront.dk, 29. januar 2020).
Juni 1920
Udgives Lenins Venstrekommunismen – en børnesygdom. Omdeles på Kominterns 2. kongres (se 19. juli – 7.august 1920 nedenfor).
Den russiske udgave af “Venstre”-kommunismen – en børnesygdom, 1920
Lenin’s “‘Left-Wing’ Communism”: a masterclass in revolutionary strategy. By Francesco Merli (In Defence of Marxism, 3 May 2024). “This book is probably the most valuable contribution to revolutionary strategy and tactics ever written and retains all of its relevance today.”
Looking for loopholes: On the misuses of Lenin’s ‘Left-Wing’ Communism’. By Doug Enaa Greene (Left Voice, March 20, 2019). “Lenin’s “‘Left-Wing’ Communism” is often misinterpreted to justify betrayals of revolutionary principle, here we set the record straight.”
Lenin’s ‘Left-Wing’ Communism: An Infantile Disorder revisited. By John Rose (International Socialism, Issue 138, Spring 2013, p.129-146). “Lenin’s underlying argument called on revolutionary socialists to work wherever the masses are to be found.”
Bolshevism and revolutionary social democracy (Weekly Worker, Issue 917, June 7, 2012). “Lars T Lih completes his series of articles on Lenin’s view of the party question by examining the context in 1920 of ‘Leftwing’ communism.”
Lessons of Lenin’s ‘Left-wing communism’ (Weekly Worker, Issue 837, October 14, 2010). “Jack Conrad argues that the Lenin of Russia remains highly relevant for the tasks of today.”
Den tyske sociolog og økonom Max Weber dør i München. (Født i Erfurt 21. april 1864, se denne)
19. juli – 7. august 1920
Yelena Stasova and Lenin at the 2nd Comintern Congress, 1920. Photo: Viktor Bulla (1883–1938). Public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Anden kongres i Kommunistisk Internationale (Komintern) vedtager bl.a. teser om det nationale og koloniale spørgsmål og “de 21 betingelser” (for adgang til Komintern, som f.o.fr. skal forhindre adgang/udskille reformister og centrister). Se også herunder om kongressen i Baku, 1.-7. september 1920.
Links:
The Communist International: 1919–1943: Second Congress, July-August 1920 (Marxists Internet Archive). Proceedings, speeches, report etc. Scroll ned.
Minutes of the Second Congress of the Communist International, Petrograd, July 19 – August 7 1920 (New Park Publications, 1977, 2 vol.)
Report from Moscow, 3rd International congress, 1920. By Otto Ruhle (Libcom.org)
Moscow in Lenin’s Days: 1920-21. By Alfred Rosmer (New International, 1955-56). Also chapter 11-18 in Alfred Rosmer: Lenin’s Moscow (London, Pluto Press, 1971)
Kominterns 2. kongres – i anledning af 100-året for dens afholdelse. Af John Riddell (Socialistisk Information, 12. september 2020). “Møder og forhandlinger strakte sig over næsten tre uger, og referatet af disse giver det suverænt bedste indtryk af de tanker, man på den tid, hvor Lenin levede, havde om kommunismen på verdensplan.”
Teser om de kommunistiske partier og parlamentarismen (Socialistisk Information, 12. september 2020). “Denne resolution blev fremlagt og vedtaget på den Kommunistiske Internationales 2. kongres 2. august 1920. Den konkluderer, at de kommunistiske partier – hvor det var muligt – skulle opstille kandidater til valgene til de borgerlige parlamenter.”
Lenin, National Liberation and Palestine. By Gus Woody (RS21, 10 March 2024). Review of Lenin, Imperialism and the National Question. Introduction by Ruth Wilson Gilmore (Verso, 2024, 304 p.). “The publication by Verso of a collection of Lenin’s writingsis heartbreakingly timely.”
The anti-colonial revolt was key to Lenin’s vision of revolution. By Barnaby Raine (Jacobin, March 1, 2021). “The Russian Revolution enthused anti-colonial movements around the world, fueling hopes that the European empires could be overthrown. But the revolt against empire was also fundamental to Lenin’s own strategy, as he worked to unite workers’ revolts in the metropoles with national struggles to end colonial exploitation.”
Voices for Colonial Freedom, 1917-24. By John Riddell (Marxist Essays and Commentary, June 26, 2019). About the book Liberate the Colonies! Communism and Colonial Freedom 1917–1924. Edited by John Riddell, Vijay Prashad and Nazeef Mollah (New Delhi, LeftWord Books, 2019, 292 p.).
Women at the heart of the Revolution. By Anne McShane (Jacobin, August 11, 2019). “Alexandra Kollontai and her comrades founded the Zhenotdel in 1918 in order to ensure women’s full participation in Soviet society. Its efforts to liberate women in Muslim Central Asia showed the revolution’s emancipatory promise …”
The dawn of our liberation: The early days of the International Communist women’s movement. By Daria Dyakonova (Marxist Essays and Commentary, September 13, 2018). “Twenty-one women representing 19 countries gathered July 30, 1920 to discuss women’s issues in the framework of the Second Congress of the Communist International (or the Comintern).” See also Estelle Cooch’s interview with Darya Dyakonova and Mike Taber: The Communist Women’s Movement (RS21: Revolutionary Socialism in the 21st Century, 8 March 2019).
1917 and the colonial revolution. By Peter Solenberger (Against the Current, Issue 194, May-June 2018). “What was different about 1917 is that the revolution was led by a party whose goal was world revolution. The Bolshevik Party and the government it created were committed to spreading the revolution, not just to the advanced capitalist countries but also to the colonies and semi-colonies.”
The Communist International and Imperialism. By Ian Birchall (Viewpoint Magazine, Issue 6, February 2018). “I shall try to set out briefly the strengths and weaknesses of Baku, and then give a short account of the subsequent developments of the Comintern.”
Building revolutionary parties (Socialist Worker, Issue 2071, 6 October 2007). “John Riddell [looks] at the Comintern’s attempt to build a worldwide party while avoiding the mistakes of the Second International.”
Liberation of the sexes (Socialist Worker, Issue 2074, 27 October 2007). “John Riddell looks at how the revolutionaries made equality for women a central feature of Communism.” See also Anne McShane: Women at the heart of the Revolution (Jacobin, August 11, 2019). “Alexandra Kollontai and her comrades founded the Zhenotdel in 1918 in order to ensure women’s full participation in Soviet society.”
Class struggle and trade unions (Socialist Worker, Issue 2075, 3 November 2007). “John Riddell looks at the role of trade unions in the struggle for change.”
The Mass Parties. Chapter 2 in Duncan Hallas: The Comintern (London, Bookmarks, 1985, p.27-53). “It is useful at this point to look at some others of the 21 conditions.”
History of the Comintern: Colonised peoples take the lead (Green Left Weekly, Issue 734, December 5, 2007). “John Riddell looks at the relationship between communist revolutionaries and colonised peoples.”
Colonial revolts and the West (Socialist Worker, Issue 2072, 13 October 2007). “John Riddell looks at the rise of national liberation movements in countries under the yoke of colonial occupation.”
Marxismen och den nationella frågan (pdf) (Marxistarkiv.se, 6. marts 2023, 16 s.). “En del av marxismens kritiker hävdar att dess syn på nationalismen är ett misslyckande. Dessa artiklar ur Jacobin argumenterar mot det. Även synen på Ukraina som nation diskuteras.”
Communists and holy war (Weekly Worker, Issue 1474, January 18, 2024). “While the past should not and cannot be mapped onto the present, Jack Conrad argues that the approach taken by Comintern to the Muslim east contains many useful lessons – if, that is, we retain our critical faculties.”
Why the National Question matters to the Left. By Adrian Thomas (Jacobin, March 30, 2023). An interview with Jean-Numa Ducange: “Karl Marx famously wrote that ‘the workers have no country’ — but he immediately added that they had to become ‘the leading class in the nation’. For over a century, the Left has struggled to reconcile the two ideas.”
National-Revolutionary Movements and the Comintern. By Mike Taber (Marxist Essays and Commentary, December 16, 2020). Review of John Sexton (ed.), Alliance of Adversaries: The Congress of the Toilers of the Far East (Brill, 2018/Haymarket Books, 2019, 369 p.). “This important book contains the proceedings of the First Congress of the Toilers of the Far East [1922], organized by the Communist International (Comintern).” See also review by Chris Bambery (Counterfire, April 8, 2021).
The Congress of the Toilers of the Far East (Historical Materialism, 2018). John Sexton interviewed by Selim Nadi: “… tell us about the origins of the Congress of the Toilers of the Far East (1922). Why was this Congress much smaller than the Baku Congress (1920)?”
Indiske kommunister på Kominterns 3. kongres: ‘From left to right, Gulam Ambia Khan Luhani, Virendranath Chattopadhyaya and Abani Mukherjee. All three were executed under Stalin’s orders between 1937 and 1938. Right most, M N Roy.’ [See ** below]The Russian Revolution and the Global South (John Riddell: Marxist Essays and Commentary, November 1, 2017). “Unexpectedly, it was in the Global South – in the colonies and semi-colonies; the oppressed, dependent, and exploited nations – that the Russian revolution had its most enduring and transformational impact.”
The National and Colonial Questions: The first five years of the Comintern, 1919-24 (pdf). By Michael Cox (Searchlight South Africa, Vol.1, No.4, February 1990, p.33-43; online at Disa.ukzn.ac.za). “How did the Comintern perceive the relationship between the bourgeois revolution and proletarian dictatorship? And were any lessons drawn from the Russian experience?”
Om det nationale og det koloniale spørgsmål. Af Ho Chi Minh (Ungkommunisten, 2. årg., nr.2, februar 1969, s.9-18; online på Snylterstaten.dk). Tale på Kommunistisk Internationales 5. kongres i Moskva 17. juni – 8. juli 1924.
Se også / see also – Socialistisk Bibliotek:
**Tidslinjen: 21. marts 1887, om den indiske kommunist M.N. Roy.
Delegates of the Second Congress of the Communist International. Leon Trotsky is the fourth from the left, before him is Giacinto Serrati (Italy), behind him are Alfred Rosmer (France), Paul Levi (Germany), Grigory Zinoviev, Nikolai Bukharin, Mikhail Kalinin. Moscow, 1920. Photo: Unknown. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
1.-7. september 1920
Kommunistisk Internationale afholder kongres for østens folk i Baku, Aserbajdsjan.
The Baku Congress of 1920 sounded the call for the end of Empire. By John Riddell (Jacobin, September 29, 2020). “A century ago this month, the new Soviet government summoned anti-colonial revolutionaries from across Asia to a gathering in Baku. The Baku Congress proved to be a watershed in the fight against European colonial domination and the rise of the Global South.” På svensk: Bakukongressen 1920 förkunnade imperiets slut (pdf) (Marxistarkiv.se, 8. oktober 2020).
Litteratur:
Liberate the Colonies! Communism and Colonial Freedom 1917–1924. Edited by John Riddell, Vijay Prashad and Nazeef Mollah (New Delhi, LeftWord Books, 2019, 292 p.; p. 102-162 about the Baku Congress). See John Riddell about the book: Voices for Colonial Freedom, 1917-24 (Marxist Essays and Commentary, June 26, 2019).
To See the Dawn: Baku, 1920 – First Congress of the Peoples of the East. Edited by John Riddell (Pathfinder Press, 1993, 344 p.)
An “Eastern Orchestra” played for delegates during the September 1920 Baku Congress. Photo: By Unknown – baki.info, Public Domain, Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Se også:
The Communist International and Imperialism. By Ian Birchall (Viewpoint Magazine, Issue 6, February 2018). “I shall try to set out briefly the strengths and weaknesses of Baku, and then give a short account of the subsequent developments of the Comintern.”
What killed the promise of Muslim Communism? By John T. Sidel (The New York Times, October 9, 2017). “For a brief moment after the Bolshevik uprisings of 1917, it looked like revolution might be waged across vast swaths of the world under the joint banner of Communism and Islam.”
The Russian Revolution and national freedom (Socialist Worker, Issue 2017, 9 September 2006). “John Riddell looks at the lessons of the period when the early Soviet government led the struggle for liberation for oppressed nations.”
The Bolsheviks and Islam (International Socialism, Issue 110, Spring 2006, p.37-59). “Dave Crouch tells how the Bolsheviks reached out to progressive Muslims as they fought tsarism and Western imperialism.”
Unholy alliance: Muslims and Communists – an introduction. By Ben Fowkes & Bülent Gökay (Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol.25, No.1, March 2009, p.1-31). “With the victory of the Bolsheviks in October 1917 strategic choices had to be made. Many of the pre-revolutionary Muslim reformers, the Jadids, endeavoured to work within the Soviet system. This was made possible by the moderate policies pursued by the Bolsheviks. They also called on Muslims to engage in a ‘holy war’ against Western imperialism.”
The National and Colonial Questions: The first five years of the Comintern, 1919-24 (pdf). By Michael Cox (Searchlight South Africa, Vol.1, No.4, February 1990, p.33-43; online at Disa.ukzn.ac.za)
De italienske metalarbejdere starter en række af fabriksbesættelser over hele landet.
1920 factories occupied. Photo: Anonymous. Public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Se:
Italy’s ‘Two Red Years’. Part 76 in Neil Faulkner: A Marxist History of the World (Counterfire, 20 May 2012)
The Italian left and the factory councils: 1919-1920 (Marxist Left Review, Issue 22, Winter 2021). “Luca Tavan reexamines the revolutionary upsurge in Italy following WW1, drawing out strategic errors made by Gramsci and the leadership of the Italian Communist Party.”
A missed revolutionary opportunity. Introduced by Mike Taber and John Riddell (International Socialist Review, Issue 101, Summer 2016). “The Comintern Third Congress discussion on the 1920 Italian factory occupations [Karl Radek, Gregory Zinoviev and Leon Trotsky].”
Italy 1920: When workers seized the factories. By Christine Thomas (Socialism Today, Issue 141, September 2010). “September marks the 90th anniversary of a mass movement of factory occupations in Italy which put the continuation of capitalism in question. Yet the September movement failed to overthrow the capitalists’ rule and its demise paved the way for the rise of fascism.”
1918-1921: The Italian factory occupations – Biennio Rosso (Libcom.org, October 24, 2009). “A brief history of the Italian Biennio Rosso (two red years) and the mass factory occupations of 1920 where half a million workers ran their workplaces for themselves.”
Italy September 1920: The occupation of the factories: the lost revolution. By Fernando D’Alessandro (In Defence of Marxism, 9 October 2002). “This month marks 80 years since the rise of Fascism in Italy. The Fascists were able to rise to power because the workers had faced a terrible defeat during the struggles of 1920.”
Den russiske bolsjevik Inessa Armand dør. (Født 8. maj 1874, se denne)
12. oktober 1920
På kongressen i Halle diskuterer USPD, Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, for og imod tilslutning til Kominttern og de “21. betingelser”.
Se på Socialistisk Bibliotek:
Tidslinjen: 6. april 1917, om USPD (og om Halle-kongressen).
19. oktober 1920
Den amerikanske journalist John Reed dør i Moskva, og begraves ved Kreml-muren. Skrev den populære bog om oplevelsen af den russiske revolution i november 1917 Ti dage der rystede verden. Født 22. oktober 1887.
Til den Russiske Revolutions 3-årsdag afsløres på Kunstakademiet i St. Pedersborg (senere Leningrad) et “Monument for Tredje Internationale” af Vladimir Tatlin (født 28. december 1885 i Kharkov, Ukrina – dør 31. maj 1953 i Moskva). Modellen blev samlet igen til den 8. Alrussiske Sovjetkongres 22.-29. december 1920 i Moskva. Det planlagte monumentet var et over 400 m. højt abstrakt “tårn”-skulptur til rejsning i St. Pedersborg i såkaldt konstruktivistisk stil blev aldrig realiseret.
Vladimir Tatlin and an assistant in front of the model for the Third International, November 1920. Photo: Unknown. Public Domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
A comment on Tatlin in London today. By Virginia Smith (World Socialist Web Site, 26 May 2010). Tower for 2012 Olympics reprises monument to the Third International.
Tatlin’s Tower. By Roger Huddle (Socialist Review, Issue 339, September 2009). Review of Norbert Lynton, Tatlin’s Tower: Monument to Revolution (Yale University Press, 2009)
A beardless monument. By Owen Hatherley (International Socialism, Issue
124, Autumn 2009). Review of Norbert Lynton, Tatlin’s Tower: Monument
to Revolution (Yale University Press, 2009)
What would have been: a rendering of Tatlin’s Tower if it had been constructed in St. Petersburg. Created at The University of Illinois. Photo: Taken on January 18, 2012 by Nick at Royal Academy. (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). Source: Flickr.com.
Se også:
Early Soviet at and architecture thrived out of the ruins of war. By Mattew Stewart (Jacobin, January 16, 2022). “In the 1920s, Soviet artists and architects were inspired by grand visions of a new society. But years of civil war tumult had left the country’s productive capacity in ruins. So they made do with little — and a new aesthetic was born.”
Tower Bawher. Directed by Theodore Ushev, produced by Marc Bertrand (National Film Board of Canada; 3:48 min.). Konstruktivistisk animation om Tatlins Tower. Se om filmen på Wikipedia.org
Den amerikanske socialist og marxistiske økonom, Harry Braverman, fødes i New York. (Dør 2. august 1976 i Honesdale, Pennsylvania). Redaktør på tidsskriftet The American Socialist (1954-1959) og direktør på tidsskriftet Monthly Review (1967-1976).
Hans hovedværk er bogen Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (Monthly Review Press, 1974, 465 p.). På dansk: Arbejde og monopolkapital. Bind 1 (Demos, 1978, 226 s.; bind 2 ikke udkommet). Se debat om bogen nedenfor.
Braverman, Harry. By Ugo Pagano. I: A Biographical Dictionary of Dissenting Economists. Edited by Philip Aretis and Malcolm Sawyer (Edward Elgar, 2000, p.79-87; online at Google Books)
Braverman, Monopoly Capital, and AI: The collective worker and the reunification of labor. By John Bellamy Foster (Monthly Review, Vol.76, No.7, December 2024). “John Bellamy Foster explores the connections between Marx’s ‘collective worker’, Braverman’s ‘collective scientist’, and the struggle against the degradation of work in the digital age.”
The classic transcending borders and ages: Commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of ‘Labor and Monopoly Capital’. (Monthly Review, Vol.76, No.7, December 2024). “What was the impact of Labor and Monopoly Capital in its day, and what is its resonance in ours? Kuang Xiaolu, Li Zhi, and Xie Fusheng take stock of Harry Braverman’s influential scholarship over the last half-century.”
What a Marxist classic can teach us about embracing AI. By Mark Allison (Jacobin, July 3, 2023). “Almost 50 years ago, metalworker and economist Harry Braverman published Labor and Monopoly Capitalism. It showed how bosses use technology to disempower workers — but that by taking control of the labor process, workers can free themselves from drudgery.”
The continuing value of Harry Braverman’s Labor and Monopoly Capital. By Bob Carter and Joseph Choonara (Historical Studies in Industrial Relations, Vol.43, No.1, December 2022; online at Researchgate.net). “The paper summarizes the major themes in Braverman’s work, and challenges many of the criticisms made since its publication.”
Harry Braverman’s class analysis of early American history. By Louis Proyct (The Unrepentant Marxist, September 6, 2020). “In doing some research for an article on Harry Braverman for a major project underway on the left, I wanted to put some of his lesser-known work in the foreground.”
Beyond the degradation of Labor: Braverman and the structure of the U.S. working class. By R. Jamil Jonna and John Bellamy Foster (Monthly Review, Vol.66, No.5, October 2014; online at Johnbellamyfoster.org). “In the four decades since its appearance Braverman’s book has continued to play a central role in debates on workers’ struggles within industry …”
Braverman’s new world? Assessing the Labour process in recent scholarship (pdf). By Jeremy Milloy (Left History, Vol.15, No.2, Summer 2011, p.91-101). “This essay reviews several recent works that examine key recent developments in capitalism.”
Harry Braverman: Marxist activist and theorist. By Michael G. Livingston (Marxists Internet Archive). “A talk presented at the ‘Explorations in the History of U.S. Trotskyism Conference’, New York University, 2000.”
Braverman and the class struggle. By Michael D. Yates (Monthly Review, Vol.50, No.8, January 1999). “Far from ignoring the class struggle, Harry Braverman in Labor and Monopoly Capital has provided us with an invaluable weapon in that struggle …”
Before Braverman: Harry Frankel and the American workers’ movement. By Bryan D. Palmer (Monthly Review, Vol.50, No.8, January 1999). “I want to address what was great about Harry Braverman. And to do that I offer only a sketch of a life ‘before Braverman’, commenting on a man some will know as Harry Frankel.” Only abstract online.
Arbejde og monopolkapital (pdf). Af Niels Mortensen (Politica, bind 11, nr.2, 1979, s.154-55; online på Tidsskrift.dk). “Det er godt, at vi får en dansk oversættelse af Braverman, for det er en enestående bog.”
The raw material of exploitation: Harry Braverman’s ‘Labor and Monopoly Capital’. By Doug Enaa Greene (Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, August 26, 2015). “Braverman’s book not only unveils how work is degraded under capital, but remains an important resource for how we understand capitalist society, working-class consciousness, and the class struggle today.”
Against management: Harry Braverman’s Marxism. By Dave Renton. Chapter 8, in D. Renton, Dissident Marxism (Zed Books, 2004, p.162-183; online at Internet Archive). “The most powerful book ever written about work is Harry Braverman’s Labor and Monopoly Capital. It is a sustained historical account of the different managerial initiatives that have shaped people’s experience of work since the end of the nineteenth century.”
Thinking it through: Class confrontation. By Chris Harman (Socialist Review, No.164, May 1993; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “It may be true, as the American Marxist Harry Braverman has argued, that most individual jobs are less skilled today than a generation ago. But this does not mean capitalism needs workers to have less education. Quite the opposite.”
Valorisation and ‘Deskilling’: A critique of Braverman (pdf). By Tony Elger (Capital and Class, Vol.3, No.1, Spring 1979, p.58-99). ” This paper focusses on his major theme, and rejects as inadequate both his analysis of capital’s generic impulsion to deskill and his location of the consummation of that impulsion in monopoly capitalism.”
‘Labour and Monoly Capital’. By Rod Coombs (New Left Review, Issue 107, January-February 1978, p.79-96). “The book’s apparently untheoretical approach is deceptive. In a simple style, but with great attention to detail, the author describes the inter- and intra-occupational shifts which have taken place in twentieth-century American capitalism …” Only abstract online.
Labour and Capital. By Colin Barker (International Socialism, No.86, February 1976; online at Marxists Internet Archive). “This is a superb book. Every socialist should have a copy.”
Labour and Monopoly Capital: a review (pdf). By Margery Davies and Frank Brodhead (Radical America, Vol.9, No.2, 1975, p.79-94; online at Libcom.org). “What Braverman has done is to link the transformation of the working class to the growth of monopoly capitalism …” Scroll down.
Se på Socialistisk Bibliotek:
Tidslinjen: maj 1949, om tidsskriftet Monthly Review.
Det franske socialististparti (SFIO)’s flertal tilslutter sig på kongressen i Tour til Kommunistisk Internationale og tager navneforandring til PCF, mens mindretallet fortsætter det gamle navn.
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